Head/Face Muscles

Question 1

3 parts of the orbicularis oculi

Answer 1

• palpebral part
• lacrimal part
• orbital part

Question 2

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 2

O: medial orbital margin, the medial palpebral ligament, and the lacrimal bone.

I: into the skin around the margin of the orbit, and the superior and inferior tarsal plates

A: palpebral part - gently closes the eyelids. Lacrimal part - involved in the drainage of tears. Orbital part - tightly closes the eyelids

N: facial nerve (CN VII, temporal and zygomatic branches)

Question 3

Corrugator supercilii is located ______ to the orbicularis oculi.

Answer 3

posterior

Question 4

Corrugator supercilii

Answer 4

O: superciliary arch, running in a superolateral direction

I: into the skin of the eyebrow

A: acts to draw the eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles on the bridge of the nose

N: fascial nerve

Question 5

Largest nasal muscle

Answer 5

nasalis

Question 6

Nasalis 2 parts

Answer 6

transverse and alar

Question 7

Nasalis

Answer 7

O: maxilla

I: transverse part attaches to an aponeurosis across the dorsum of the nose. The alar portion of the muscle attaches to the alar cartilage of the nasal skeleton

A: transverse - compresses the nares. Alar - opens the nares

N: fascial nerve

Question 8

most superior of the nasal muscles

Answer 8

procerus

Question 9

Procerus

Answer 9

O: nasal bone

I: lower medial forehead

A: pulls the eyebrows downward to produce transverse wrinkles over the nose

N: fascial nerve

Question 10

Depressor septi nasi

Answer 10

O: maxilla (above the medial incisor tooth)

I: nasal septum

A: pulls the nose inferiorly, opening the nares

N: fascial nerve

Question 11

orbicularis oris

Answer 11

O: maxilla and other muscles of the cheek

I: into the skin and mucous membranes of the lips

A: purses the lips

N: fascial nerve

Question 12

buccinator

Answer 12

O: maxilla and mandible. Fibres run in a inferomedial direction.

I: blends with orbicularis oris and skin of lips

A: pulls the cheek inwards against the teeth, preventing accumulation of food in that area

N: fascial nerve

Question 13

depressor anguli oris

Answer 13

O: oblique line of the mandible

I: angle of the mouth

A: pulls the corner of the mouth downward

N: marginal mandibular and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Question 14

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 14

O: anterior surface of the mandible

I: skin of the lower lip

A: depresses the lower lip

N: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Question 15

mentalis

Answer 15

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 16

risorius

Answer 16

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 17

zygomaticus major

Answer 17

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 18

zygomaticus minor

Answer 18

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 19

levator labii superioris

Answer 19

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 20

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Answer 20

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 21

levator anguli oris

Answer 21

O:

I:

A:

N:

Question 22

masseter

Answer 22

O: superficial part - maxillary process of zygomatic bone. Deep part - zygomatic arch of the temporal bone

I: both attach to the ramus of the mandible

A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

N: mandibular nerve

Question 23

temporalis

Answer 23

O: temporal fossa

I: condenses into a tendon, inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible

A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth. Retracts mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly.

N: mandibular nerve

Question 24

medial pterygoid

Answer 24

O: superficial head - maxillary tuberosity, pyramidal process of palatine bone. deep head - medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

I: ramus of the mandible near the angle of mandible

A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

N: mandibular nerve

Question 25

lateral pterygoid

Answer 25

O: superior head - greater wing of the sphenoid. inferior head - lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid I: converge into a tendon, attaches to the neck of the mandible A: bilat, protract the mandible. unilateral - side to side movement of the jaw (contraction on one side will cause lateral movement on the contralateral side, ex. contract left = move mandible to the right). N: mandibular nerve

Question 26

extrinsic muscles of tongue

Answer 26

- genioglossus - hyoglossus - styloglossus - palatoglossus

Question 27

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 27

only attach to other structures in the tongue. - superior longitudinal - inferior longitudinal - transverse - vertical

Question 28

auricular

Answer 28

O: anterior - galea aponeurotica anterior to ear. superior- galea aponeurotica superior to ear. posterior - mastoid process I: auricle A: wiggle the ears N: anterior and superior - temporal branches of fascial nerve (VII). Posterior - posterior auricular branch of fascial nerve (VII)

Question 29

chondroglossus

Answer 29

O: medial nside of the lesser horn and body of the hyoid bone I: ascends to blend with the intrinsic tongue musculature A: pulls the sides of the tongue down N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 30

cilliary

Answer 30

O: meridional fibres- scleral spur. Circular fibres - encircle the ciliary process I: meridonal fibres- ciliary process. Circular fibres- encircle the ciliary process A: relaxes the suspensory ligament of the lens N: parasymp fibres in the oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in the ciliary ganglion

Question 31

digastric

Answer 31

O: anterior belly- digastric fossa of the mandible. Posterior belly - mastoid notch of the temporal bone I: body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon A: elevates the hyoid bone, depresses the mandible N: anterior belly - mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V). posterior belly - fascial nerve (VII)

Question 32

dilator pupillae

Answer 32

O: outer margin of iris I: inner margin of iris A: dilates the pupil N: sympathetic fibres via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Question 33

epicranius

Answer 33

O: frontalis - galea aponeurotica. occipitalis- superior nuchal line I: frontalis - skin of the eyebrows. occipitalis - galea aponeurotica A: elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead N: frontalis - temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII). occipitalis - posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII).

Question 34

frontalis

Answer 34

O: galea aponeurotica I: skin of the eyebrow A: elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead N: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Question 35

genioglossus

Answer 35

O: mental spine on the inner aspect of the mental symphysis I: fans out to insert into the tongue from the tip to the base A: protrudes the tongue (inferior fibres). Depresses tongue (middle fibres) N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)