HEAD, FACE, NECK, AND TMJ

Question 1

LAYERS OF THE SCALP

Answer 1

Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Connective Tissue
Pericranium

Question 2

• Epidermis & dermis
• has hair follicles & sebaceous glands

Answer 2

SKIN

Question 3

conserves heat and gives aesthetic purposes

Answer 3

HAIR FOLLICLES

Question 4

• adipose tissue fat
• houses terminal ends of cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

Answer 4

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 5

attaches the frontalis muscle and occipital muscle

Answer 5

Galea Aponeurotica

Question 6

Scalp Proper

Answer 6

• Skin
• Connective Tissue
• Aponeurosis

Question 7

keeps the skin and connective tissue close together

Answer 7

Aponeurosis

Question 8

if there is a laceration in the galea aponeurotica, frontalis and occipitalis muscle will contract in ______ direction.

Answer 8

OPPOSITE

Question 9

Where puss and blood infection can spread all across the scalp

Answer 9

Loose Connective Tissue (LCT)

Question 10

Danger Area of the scalp

Answer 10

• 4th layer or LCT

Question 11

Infection that can be caused by infection route from the LCT through the emissary veins to the cranial cavity

Answer 11

Meningitis

Question 12

Outside of the skull bones

Answer 12

Pericranium or Periosteum

Question 13

Innervation of Posterior Scalp

Answer 13

Greater & Lesser Occipital nerve

Question 14

Associate with cerebral plexus

Answer 14

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Question 15

Greater Occipital Nerve

Answer 15

Dorsal Ramus

Question 16

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Answer 16

Ventral Ramus

Question 17

Innervation of Anterior Scalp

Answer 17

• Supraorbital
• Supratrochlear

Question 18

Gives rise to many branch of nerve like supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve.

Answer 18

Opthalmic Nerve or CN V-1 of Trigeminal Nerve

Question 19

Innervation of the Lateral Scalp

Answer 19

• Zygomaticotemporal (CN-V2)
• larger Auriculotemporal (CN V-3) of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 20

Vascular Supply of the scalp comes from

Answer 20

• Internal & external carotid artery

Question 21

3 Arterial Supply from - EXTERNAL CAROTID

Answer 21

• Occipital Artery
• Posterior Auricular Artery
• Superficial temporal Artery

Question 22

Artery that overline the occipital bone

Answer 22

Occipital Artery

Question 23

Artery behind the ear

Answer 23

Posterior Auricular Artery

Question 24

Superficial Artery that lines the temporal bone

Answer 24

Superficial Temporal Artery

Question 25

Most common large vessel vasculitis, primarily affecting the cranial arteries and aorta.. superficial temporal artery

Answer 25

Giant Cell (temporal) Arteritis

Question 26

Internal Carotid Artery gives rise to (2)

Answer 26

Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Artery

Question 27

Connection between adjacent structures (arteries)

Answer 27

Anastomosis

Question 28

Because of this, there is a rich blood supply to the scalp which make it easy for the scalp to give off heat

Answer 28

Anastomotic Connection

Question 29

Scalp nerves comes from

Answer 29

- C2 spinal nerve - trigeminal nerve CN V1, V2, V3

Question 30

Muscles that attach DEEP into the surface of the skin so when the muscle contracts, the skin moves.

Answer 30

Muscles of Facial Expression

Question 31

7 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Answer 31

- Frontalis - Orbicularis Oculi - Nasalis - Zygomaticus - Buccinator - Orbicularis Oris - Platysma

Question 32

Wrinkle forehead

Answer 32

Frontalis (right along the frontal bone)

Question 33

- closes eye - winking

Answer 33

Orbicularis Oculi

Question 34

- spinchter muscle - circular - part of the eyelid

Answer 34

Orbicularis Oculi

Question 35

Flare the nostrils

Answer 35

Nasalis (located along the nasal bone)

Question 36

Smiling Muscle

Answer 36

Zygomaticus Muscle (attach along the zygomatic bone)

Question 37

- has a major and minor - inserts on the corner of the mouth - drives the corner of the mouth UP

Answer 37

Zygomaticus Muscle

Question 38

Tenses Cheek

Answer 38

Buccinator Muscle

Question 39

- located around the internal surface of the mouth - trumpeter muscle - gives off a pouty look

Answer 39

Buccinator Muscle

Question 40

Closes mouth or pucker lips

Answer 40

Orbicularis Oris

Question 41

- circular muscle that surrounds the mouth

Answer 41

Orbicularis Oris

Question 42

used for kissing, whistling , and chewing

Answer 42

Orbicularis Oris

Question 43

Tenses the skin of the neck

Answer 43

Platysma

Question 44

Hole

Answer 44

Foramen

Question 45

- entry and exit gateways through bones of skull - allows various structures to pass through them

Answer 45

Foramen

Question 46

Different shape of hole, looks like a crack or cleft

Answer 46

Fissures

Question 47

Typically occur between seperate anatomical structures

Answer 47

Fissures

Question 48

Long and narrow

Answer 48

Fissures

Question 49

Smaller and round

Answer 49

Foramen

Question 50

Anterior Cranial Fossa Bones (3)

Answer 50

- Frontal - Ethmoid - Sphenoid

Question 51

Middle Cranial Fossa Bones (3)

Answer 51

- Sphenoid - Temporal - Parietal

Question 52

Posterior Cranial Fossa Bones (4)

Answer 52

- Occipital - Temporal smaller extent of - Sphenoid - Paritetal

Question 53

Two foramina of anterior cranial fossa

Answer 53

- foramen caecum - olfactory foramina

Question 54

- most anterior - lies in the frontal bone - just anterior to the ethmoid bone - allows passageway of emissary veins

Answer 54

Foramen Caecum

Question 55

- make up an important pathway of the olfactory nerve (CN 1) - nerve endings on top of our nose responsible for our sense of smell pass through these holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Answer 55

Olfactory Foramina

Question 56

FORAMEN & FISSURES OF THE MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA (7)

Answer 56

- Optic Canal - Superior Orbital Fissure - F. Rotundum - F. Ovale - F. Spinosum - F. Lacerum - Carotid Canal

Question 57

Two important structures that optic canal allows to pass to and from the eye

Answer 57

- Opthalmic artery - Optic Nerve

Question 58

Supplies blood to the retina of the eye

Answer 58

Opthalmic Artery

Question 59

Sends visual information from the eye to the brain to be interpreted

Answer 59

Optic nerve with its Dural sheath

Question 60

- looks like a CRACK in the middle cranial fossa - lies between the lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Answer 60

Superior orbital fissure

Question 61

Superior Orbital Fissure allows the following (6)

Answer 61

- Oculomotor (CN III) 4/6 - Trochlear nerve (CN IV) 1 - Abducens (CN VI) 1 - Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) - Ophthalmic Nerve (CN V-1) - Opthalmic veins

Question 62

- allows the MAXILLARY nerve (CN V2) to enter the skull - posterior to the optic canal and SOF

Answer 62

Foramen Rotumdum

Question 63

- oval shaped hole - posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum

Answer 63

Foramen Ovale

Question 64

Foramen Ovale allows passage of the following (MALE)

Answer 64

- Mandibular Nerve (CN V3) - Lesser petrosal nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal) - Accesory Meningeal branch of maxillary artery - Emissary Veins

Question 65

Smallest and most lateral found in the MCF

Answer 65

Foramen Spinosum

Question 66

Foramen Spinosum allows what artery to enter the skull

Answer 66

Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 67

- branch of external carotid artery - supplies blood to the dura mater

Answer 67

Midde Meningeal Artery

Question 68

- mostly filled with cartilage - allow passage of greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial nerve) - innervation to glands above the mouth - ex: lacrimal gland near the eye for tear production

Answer 68

Foramen Lacerum

Question 69

Allows Internal Carotid Artery to enter the skull

Answer 69

Carotid Canal

Question 70

one of the major blood supplier of the brain

Answer 70

Internal Carotid Artery