Head & Neck Arteries + Veins + Lymph Drainage

Question 1

The right common carotid artery arises from?

Answer 1

brachiocephalic artery behind the right sternoclavicular joint

Question 2

The left common carotid artery arises from?

Answer 2

arch of the aorta in the superior mediastinum

Question 3

bifurcation of common carotid arteries occurs at the level of?

Answer 3

upper border of thyroid cartilage

Question 4

carotid sinus

Answer 4

• At its point of division, the terminal part of the common carotid artery or the beginning of the internal carotid artery shows a localized dilatation, called the carotid sinus
• The tunica media of the sinus is thinner
• the adventitia is relatively thick and contains numerous nerve endings derived from the glossopharyngeal nerve.
• baroreceptor

Question 5

Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

Answer 5

In cases of carotid sinus hypersensitivity, pressure on one or both carotid sinuses can cause excessive slowing of the heart rate, a fall in blood pressure, and cerebral ischemia with fainting, (syncope)

Question 6

Carotid Body

Answer 6

• it is a small structure that lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery
• It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
• its a chemoreceptor, being sensi- tive to excess carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen tension in the blood. Such a stimulus reflexly produces a rise in blood pressure and heart rate and an increase in respiratory movements

Question 7

Carotid Pulse

Answer 7

can be easily palpated just beneath the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

Question 8

anterolateral relations of common carotid artery

Answer 8

The skin, the fascia, the sternocleido- mastoid, the sternohyoid, the sternothyroid, and the superior belly of the omohyoid

Question 9

posterior relations of common carotid artery

Answer 9

The transverse processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae, the prevertebral muscles, and the sympathetic trunk

Question 10

medial relations of common carotid artery

Answer 10

larynx
pharynx
trachea
esophagus

Question 11

lateral Relations of the Common Carotid Artery

Answer 11

The internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

Question 12

external carotid artery supplies:

Answer 12

neck
face
scalp 
tongue
maxilla

Question 13

which structures cross the external carotid artery? (ant relations)

Answer 13

the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
hypoglossal nerve
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid muscles
facial nerve (in parotid gland)

Question 14

medial relations of external carotid artery

Answer 14

pharynx
internal carotid artery
stylopharyngeus muscle
glossopharyngeal nerve
pharyngeal branch of the vagus

Question 15

Branches of the External Carotid Artery (samflops)

Answer 15

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery

Question 16

The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through

Answer 16

foramen spinosum

Question 17

internal carotid artery supplies

Answer 17

brain
eye
forehead
nose

Question 18

internal carotid artery terminates by dividing into

Answer 18

anterior cerebral artery

middle cerebral artery

Question 19

anterolateral relations of internal carotid artery

Answer 19

below digastric: skin fascia sternocleidomastoid hypoglossal nerve

above digastric: stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of the vagus, the parotid gland, and the external carotid artery

Question 20

posterior Relations of the Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 20

sympathetic trunk, longus capitis, transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae

Question 21

medial relations of internal carotid artery

Answer 21

pharyngeal wall and the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 22

lateral relations of internal carotid artery

Answer 22

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

Question 23

Arteriosclerosis of the Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 23

• visual impairment or blindness in the eye on the side of the lesion because of insufficient blood flow through the retinal artery
• motor paralysis and sensory loss may also occur on the opposite side of the body because of insufficient blood flow through the middle cerebral artery.

Question 24

as it emerges from the cavernous sinus, the internal carotid artery gives off

Answer 24

ophthalmic artery

Question 25

the only blood supply to the retina?

Answer 25

The central artery (branch of ophthalmic artery)

Question 26

anterior cerebral supplies

Answer 26

the medial and the superolateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 27

Middle Cerebral Artery supplies

Answer 27

the entire lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere except the narrow strip along the superolateral margin (which is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery) and the occipital pole and inferolateral surface of the hemisphere (both of which are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery) -The middle cerebral artery thus supplies all the motor area of the cerebral cortex except the leg area

Question 28

The circle of Willis lies in

Answer 28

subarachnoid space

Question 29

The circle of Willis is formed by

Answer 29

- the anastomosis between the branches of the two internal carotid arteries and the two vertebral arteries - The anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communicating and basilar artery (formed by union of vertebral arteries, basilar then divides into to two posterior cerebrals) contribute in circle formation

Question 30

The right subclavian artery arises from

Answer 30

brachiocephalic artery, behind the right sternoclavicular joint

Question 31

at what level right subclavian artery becomes axillary?

Answer 31

At the outer border of the 1st rib

Question 32

The left subclavian artery arises from

Answer 32

the arch of the aorta in the thorax | scalenus anterior divides it into 3 parts

Question 33

The first part of the subclavian artery extends from

Answer 33

the origin of the subclavian artery to the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle, it gives off: vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery

Question 34

vertebral arteries from opposite sides join to form

Answer 34

basilar artery, which supplies pons, the cerebellum, internal ear and terminates by dividing into two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 35

branches of second part of subclavian artery

Answer 35

costocervical trunk which divides into - superior intercostal artery (supplies 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces) - deep cervical artery

Question 36

branches of third part of subclavian artery

Answer 36

The third part of the subclavian artery usually has no branches. Occasionally, however, the superficial cervical arteries, the suprascapular arteries, or both arise from this part.

Question 37

In severe traumatic accidents to the upper limb involving laceration of the brachial or axillary arteries, it is important to remember that the hemorrhage can be stopped by exerting strong pressure downward and backward on?

Answer 37

the third part of the subclavian artery. The use of a blunt object to exert the pressure is of great help, and the artery is compressed against the upper surface of the 1st rib.

Question 38

The venous sinuses are situated between

Answer 38

the periosteal and the meningeal layer of the dura mater

Question 39

venous sinuses include

Answer 39

``` superior and inferior sagittal sinuses the straight sinus the transverse sinuses the sigmoid sinuses the occipital sinus the cavernous sinuses superior and inferior petrosal sinuses ```

Question 40

The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union of

Answer 40

the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

Question 41

internal carotid artery branches in cranial cavity

Answer 41

ophthalmic artery posterior communicating artery anterior cerebral artery middle cerebral artery

Question 42

branches of thyrocervical trunk

Answer 42

- inf thyroid artery - transverse cervical artery (runs to trapezius) - suprascapular artery

Question 43

in 6th intercostal space, internal thoracic artery divides into:

Answer 43

- superior epigastric artery | - musculophrenic artery

Question 44

second part of subclavian artery

Answer 44

lies behind scalenus anterior muscle, within the interscalene triangle

Question 45

intracranial veins include

Answer 45

- brain veins - dural venous sinuses - diploic veins - emissary veins