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CA-1 Midterms > Head, Neck, Back, and Spine > Flashcards

Head, Neck, Back, and Spine Flashcards

(142 cards)

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1
Q

Components of head et neck

A

SCALP
Skin: sebaceous/sweat glands
Connective Tissues: major arteries et veins
Aponeurosis: connects ms
Loose areolar tissue: emissary veins
Periosteum: inner portion of scalp

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2
Q

Axial (80)

A

Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Coccyx
Ear ossicles

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3
Q

Appendicular (126)

A

UE
LE

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4
Q

Components of Ear Ossicles

A

HIM / MAS
Hamer - Malleus
Incus - Anvil
Stapes - stirrups

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5
Q

Skull: Cranial bones

A

Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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6
Q

Paired cranial bones

A

Parietal and Temporal

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7
Q

Most difficult to visualize cranial bone

A

Sphenoid

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8
Q

not paired facial bones

A

Vomer and Mandible

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9
Q

Skull: facial bones

A

Nasal
Inferior nasal conchae
Lacrimal
Palatine
Zygomatic
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible

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10
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoidal

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11
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes at what month?

A

18-24 mos

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12
Q

Post closes at what month

A

9-12 mos

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13
Q

Anterior fontanelle is called ______ if closed

A

bregma

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14
Q

Posterior is called ______ if closed

A

lambda

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15
Q

(+) elevation=?

A

hydrocephalus

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16
Q

(+) depression/sunken fontanelle=?

A

dehydration

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17
Q

Anatomical Landmarks

A

Nasion
Pterion
Inion
Glabella
Philtrum

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18
Q

Depression at roof of nose

A

Nasion

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19
Q

Lateral portion of skull
Thinnest area

A

Pterion

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20
Q

External occipital protuberance
bump of knowledge

A

Inion

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21
Q

b/w eyebrows

A

glabella

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22
Q

b/w upper lip et nose

A

philtrum

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23
Q

Muscles of the head:
for facial expressions

A

Occipital frontalis
Corrugator Supercilii
Procerus
Zygomatic major and minor
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Levator labii superioris
Platysma

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24
Q

Muscles for eye opening

A

Levator palpebrae superioris - 80%
Mueller’s muscle - 20%

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25
Muscle for eye closing
Orbicularis oculi
26
What facial ms? - raises eyebrows - last to recover in Bell's Palsy - Surprise ms
Occipital frontalis
27
What facial ms? - frowning
Corrugator Supercilii
28
What facial ms? - nose scrunching - distaste
Procerus
29
What facial ms? - sneering ms
Levator anguli oris
30
What facial ms? - grimace - if absent? =
Risorius = dimple
31
What facial ms? - for kissing
Orbicularis Oris
32
What facial ms? - blowing - sucking - whistling
Buccinator
33
What facial ms? - pouting
Mentalis
34
What facial muscle? - elevates upper lip
Levator Labii Superioris
35
What facial ms? - "egad" ms - ms of horror - pulls neck downward
Platysma
36
What facial ms? - protrusion of lower lip
Depressor anguli oris
37
EOM_ SO_ LR_
EOM3 SO4 LR6
38
EO Muscles
SR LR IR IO MR SO
39
Muscles activates if a person looks straight?
all of the eoms
40
Point of entry/exit of CN - cribriform plate
CN 1
41
Point of entry/exit of CN - optic canal
CN 2
42
Point of entry/exit of CN - Superior orbital fissure
CN 3,4 5v1, 6
43
Point of entry/exit of CN - Foramen rotundum
CN 5v2
44
Point of entry/exit of CN - Foramen ovale
CN 5v3
45
Point of entry/exit of CN - Internal acoustic meatus
CN 7,8
46
Point of entry/exit of CN - Jugular Foramen
CN 9,10,11
47
Point of entry/exit of CN Hypoglossal Canal
CN 12
48
Atlas no body no spinous process
C1
49
Axis (+) dens Atypical fx: hangman's
C2
50
Hyoid
C3
51
Thyroid
C4
52
most mobile
C5 et C6
53
most mobile cricoid
C6
54
prominent long non bifid
C7
55
Schober's test landmarks
C7-S2
56
How to stretch L torticollis?
R lat flexion L rotation
57
torticollis to the L
R SCM
58
L torticollis
L SCM
59
What bone? -no muscle attachment - stabilized by what ligament?__________
Hyoid bone stylohyoid ligament
60
Action of SCM?
i/l lateral flexion c/l rotation
61
How to stretch SCM?
c/l lateral flexion i/l rotation
62
Action of Scalenes?
i/l lateral flexion and rotation
63
Syndrome involving scalene ms?
R scalenus anticus syndrome
64
- Synovial joint - modified hinge joint (2 joints)
TMJ
65
Action of superior TMJ?
translational sliding/gliding
66
Action of inferior TMJ
Rolling
67
Normal range for TMJ elevation?
close mouth
68
N Depression of TMJ
35-55mm 3 finger breaths
69
N Protrusion of TMJ
3-6mm
70
N retrusion of TMJ
3-4mm
71
N lateral deviation/excursion
10-15mm
72
N amount of mastication
18mm
73
Muscles of Mastication
CN 5 (TIME) Temporalis Internal Pterygoid Masseter External Pterygoid
74
Muscles of mastication for closing
Temporalis Internal Pterygoid Masseter
75
76
Muscles of mastication for mouth opening
External Pterygoid
77
Muscles in Lateral deviation of jaw
Lateral pterygoid (I/L) med/int pterygoid (C/L)`
78
R Lateral deviation of jaw
R lateral pterygoid L medial pterygoid
79
Muscles of the Tongue - action? - CN?
Palatoglossus - elevation; CN 9 et 10 Genioglossus - protrusion; CN 12 Hyoglossus - retrusion; CN 12 Styloglossus - curling; CN 12
80
Function of Back et Spine
(SIRENA) Supports head Important attachment of muscles, ligaments of spine Ribs attachment Encloses spinal cord Nagprovide ng mobility + flexion of spine Ability to transfer weight from head -> spine -> extremities
81
Diameter of vertebral column in Females? Males?
M: 72cm F: 62 cm
82
How many total vertebrae are there in a child? -Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacrum -Coccyx
Total = 33 -Cervical: 7 -Thoracic: 12 -Lumbar: 5 -Sacrum: 5 -Coccyx: 4
83
How many vertebrae are there in adults? -Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacrum -Coccyx
Total= 26 -Cervical: 7 -Thoracic: 12 -Lumbar: 5 -Sacrum: 1 -Coccyx: 1
84
What are the typical vertebrae
C3-C6 T4-T8 L1-L4
85
Vertebral body of (size) - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical: small - Thoracic: med - Lumbar: large
86
Spinous process of - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical: short, bifid - Thoracic: long, inclined downward - Lumbar: short, flat, quadrilateral
87
Transverse process of - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical: transverse foramen: vertebral aa, vertebral vein, sympathetic nn - Thoracic costal facets - Lumbar conical
88
Spinal column of - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical: largest, triangular - Thoracic: smallest, circular - Lumbar: triangular
89
Facet joints of - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical Sup: sup et post Inf: ant et inf perpendicular to sagittal plane - Thoracic Sup: lat-post Inf: med-ant perpendicular to frontal plane - Lumbar Sup: med Inf: lat perpendicular to sagittal plane
90
Angle of inclination of - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar
- Cervical: 45 deg - Thoracic: 60 deg - Lumbar: 90 deg
91
What are the atypical vertebrae
C1 C2 C7 T1 T2-T4 T9-T10 T11-T12 L5
92
What atypical vertebrae? - atlas, no body, no SP
C1
93
What atypical vertebrae? - axis, (+) dens (odontoid), large, bifid SP, short TP
C2
94
What atypical vertebrae? - long, non-bifid SP - vertebral prominence
C7
95
What atypical vertebrae? - horizontal SP, costal facets (sup vertebral body)
T1
96
What atypical vertebrae? - almost horizontal spinous process
T2-T4
97
What atypical vertebrae? - (+) tubercles - landmark for xiphoid process
T9-T10
98
What atypical vertebrae? - costal facets - outer pedicle
T11-T12
99
What atypical vertebrae? - short transverse process
L5
100
- Yes joint - flexion et extension (how many %) - What type of joint?
- AO - 50% - condyloid jt
101
- No joint - rotation (how many %) - what type of joint?
- AA - 50% - pivot/trochoid jt
102
Displacement of Nucleus Pulposus
Disc herniation
103
Stages of disc herniation
BPES 1. Bulging/protrusion: intact AF 2. Prolapse 3. Extrusion: complete tear of NP but still inside 4. Sequestration: NP went out
104
Most common direction of disc herniation? Why?
- Post - PLL tapers posteriorly/inferiorly
105
Protein found in Nucleus Pulposus? how many % of H2O?
Proteoglycans 80%
106
Protein found in annulus fibrosus
lamellae
107
Ligament of spine: - limits extension of spine
ALL (Anterior Longitudinal Ligament)
108
Ligament of spine: - limits flexion of spine
PLL (Posterior Longitudinal Ligament)
109
Ligament of spine: - connects tips of spinous process - T1 below
Supraspinous ligament
110
Ligament of spine: - yellow ligament- connects adjacent lamina
Ligamentum flavum
111
Ligament of spine: - b/w spinous process of adjacent vertebrae
Interspinous ligament
112
Ligament of spine: - b/w transverse process
Intertransversarii
113
Ligament of spine: - connects SP of C7 to occiput; traps
Ligamentum nuchae
114
Ligament of spine: - skull to atlas - limits rotation
Alar ligament
115
Ligament of spine: - prevents posterior subluxation of C2
Transverse ligament
116
Ligament of spine: - connects foramen magnum to apex of C1
Apical Ligament
117
Superficial muscle of back: - UR - Shawl ms
Trapezius
118
Superficial muscle of back: - UR - retraction
Levator Scapulae
118
Superficial muscle of back: - EXADDIR - crutch walking ms
Latissimus Dorsi
119
Superficial muscle of back: - UR - retraction
Rhomboids
120
Intermediate muscle of back: - forced inspiration - forced expiration
- Serratus Posterior - sup - inf
121
Deep muscle of back: - "bandage" - neck? - head?
- splenius - capitis - cervicis
122
Deep muscle of back: - Erector spinae muscles
(I Love Se-) Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
123
Deep muscle of back: - Transversospinalis
Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores
124
What muscle elevates lower ribs?
Levatores Costarum
125
What muscle is tight if (+) forward head?
Suboccipital muscles
126
Anterior group muscles - add, IR - depresses shoulder
- pec major - pec minor
127
Anterior group muscles - boxer's ms; saw ms
Serratus Anterior
128
Anterior group muscles - core ms - upper: sit ups - lower: double leg raise
Rectus abdominis
128
Anterior group muscles - core ms - corset ms
Transversus abdominis
129
Anterior group muscles - core ms - Internal (I/L) - External (C/L)
Obliques
130
Lateral group muscles
Quadratum lumborum Psoas major
131
Landmark for C3
Hyoid
132
Landmark for C4
Thyroid
133
Landmark for C6
cricoid
134
What are the 9 Cartilages?
Thyroid Cricoid Arytenoid - 2 Corniculate - 2 Cuneiform - 2 Epiglottis Sphincter fxn
135
Sing Voltes Spine
Char
136
Flexion of AO AA C3-C7 Thoracic Lumbar
10 5 45 15 40
137
Extension of AO AA C3-C7 Thoracic Lumbar
25 10 45 15 25
138
Lateral Flexion of AO AA C3-C7 Thoracic Lumbar
L et R: 5 L et R: 10 L et R: 30 15 20
139
Lateral Flexion of AO AA C3-C7 Thoracic Lumbar
L et R: 5 L et R: 10 L et R: 30 15 20
140
Rotation of AO AA C3-C7 Thoracic Lumbar
L et R: 0 L et R: 45 L et R: 30 L et: 40 L et R: 5

CA-1 Midterms (1 decks)

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