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Anatomy > Head & Neck Exam I > Flashcards

Head & Neck Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the cervical vertebrae?

A 
C1 - occlusal plane
C2 - angle of mandible
C3 - hyoid bone
C4/C5 - thyroid cartilage
C6 - cricoid cartilage
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2
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the middle cranial fossa, you have to go through the ___.

A

foramen rotundum

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3
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the infratemporal fossa, you have to go through the ___.

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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4
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity, you have to go through the ___.

A

sphenopalatine foramen

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5
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the orbit, you have to go through the ___.

A

inferior orbital fissure

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6
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the palate, you have to go through the ___.

A

descending palatine canal

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7
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the middle cranial fossa, you have to go through the ___.

A

vidian canal

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8
Q

From the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasopharynx, you have to go through the ___.

A

pharyngeal canal

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9
Q

What prevents posterior displacement of the atlas and skull?

A

the dens

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10
Q

What prevents anterior displacement of the atlas and skull?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

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11
Q

What is a hangman’s fracture?

A

fracture of pedicles of C2

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12
Q

What is a Jefferson fracture?

A

compression fracture of C1

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13
Q

What is a Clay shoveler’s fracture?

A

fracture of spinous process of C6 - T1

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14
Q

The nerve to the mylohyoid is a branch of which nerve? What also branches off of this nerve?

A

V3; inferior alveolar nerve

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15
Q

What muscles does the ansa cervicalis supply? What muscle in this group does it not supply?

A

Infrahyoid muscles - sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

Thyroid - supplied by C1 branch that travels with CN XII

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16
Q

What muscle is innervated by CN XII?

A

Geniohyoid (+ extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue)

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17
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal cleft become?

A

the external acoustic meatus

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18
Q

What intracranial hemorrhage forms a biconcave shape? What blood supply is it from?

A

Epidural; middle meningeal artery

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19
Q

What intracranial hemorrhage forms a concave shape? What blood supply is it from?

A

Subdural; bridging vein

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20
Q

What intracranial hemorrhage forms an irregular shape? What blood supply is it from?

A

subarachnoid; cerebral arteries (circle of Willis)

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21
Q

What makes up the vidian nerve?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from great petrosal nerve of CN VII + postganglionic sympathetc fibers from deep petrosal nerve

22
Q

What nerves are in the cavernous sinus? Which is adjacent to the ICA?

A

CNs III, IV, V1, V2, VI; VI is adjacent to ICA

23
Q

What does the inferior oblique do?

A

Pulls eye up and out

24
Q

What does the superior oblique do?

A

Pulls eye down and out

25
Q

What direction do the superior rectus and inferior rectus both pull the eye?

A

Medially

26
Q

What nerves and muscles are involved in the blink reflex?

A

sensory - nasociliary (V1) or VIII (sound) or II (bright light)
motor - CN VII - orbicularis oculi

27
Q

What are the motor branches of CN VII?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical, posterior auricular

28
Q

The stapedius muscle is innervated by a branch of ___

A

CN VII

29
Q

The chorda tympani is a branch of ___

A

CN VII

30
Q

What are the nuclei and ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves?

A
  • III: Edinger Westphal nucleus –> ciliary ganglion
  • VII: Superior salivatory nucleus –> pterygopalatine ganglion AND submandibular ganglion
  • IX: inferior salivatory nucleus –> otic ganglion
31
Q

The ciliary muscle is [sympathetically/parasympathetically] controlled.

A

parasympathetically

32
Q

The dilator pupillae muscle is [sympathetically/parasympathetically] controlled.

A

sympathetically

33
Q

The sphincter muscle is [sympathetically/parasympathetically] controlled.

A

parasympathetically

34
Q

The superior tarsal muscle is [sympathetically/parasympathetically] controlled.

A

sympathetically

35
Q

Which cranial nerves are used in the pupillary reflex?

A

CN II (sensory) and CN III (motor)

36
Q

What causes cleft lip?

A

Failure of intermaxillary prominence (fusion of medial nasal processes) to fuse with maxillary swelling

37
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A

Failure of the 2 palates to form (primary - intermaxillary segment of medial nasal processes; secondary - palatine shelves from maxillae grow inward to fuse in midline)

38
Q

Where do the flat bones of the skull derive from?

A

neural crest

39
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V (V3 - lingual - sensory to mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue)

40
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII (chorda tympani - taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue)

41
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN IX (taste/general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue)

42
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X (taste and sensation from epiglottis)

43
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X (taste and sensation from epiglottis)

44
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue formed from?

A

occipital somites (not pharyngeal arches)

45
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

middle cranial fossa

46
Q

Where is the geniculate ganglion located?

A

petrous part of temporal bone

47
Q

Where are the vagal ganglia located?

A

outside jugular foramen

48
Q

Where are the glossopharyngeal ganglia located?

A

outside jugular foramen

49
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

A

orbit

50
Q

Where is the submandibular ganglion located?

A

submandibular region

51
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

pterygopalatine fossa

52
Q

Where is the otic ganglion located?

A

infratemporal fossa

Anatomy (5 decks)

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