Head/Neck/Integument

Question 1

Integument

Answer 1

The skin, hair, and nails

Question 2

Macule

Answer 2

Circumscribed, flat spot

ex. freckle

Question 3

Papule

Answer 3

Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion, up to 0.5 cm in diameter.

(ex. small nevus (mole))

Question 4

Nodule

Answer 4

Circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion >0.5 cm but <1 cm in diameter

Question 5

Tumor (related to derm.)

Answer 5

> 1 cm in diameter

Question 6

Vesicle

Answer 6

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion up to 0.5 cm in diameter (tiny blister)

(ex. herpes)

Question 7

Bulla

Answer 7

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion > 0.5 cm in diameter

Question 8

Pustule

Answer 8

Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing pus

ex. acne pimple

Question 9

Wheal

Answer 9

Irregular, superficial area of localized skin edema. It is elevated but flat topped.

(ex. hive)

Question 10

Erosion

Answer 10

Loss of superficial epidermis

Question 11

Ulcer

Answer 11

Loss of epidermis extending into dermis

Question 12

Fissure

Answer 12

Linear crack in the skin

ex. common with chronic contact of the dermatitis of the hands

Question 13

Crust

Answer 13

Dried residue of serum, pus or blood

ex. scab

Question 14

Scale

Answer 14

Thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

ex. psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis of scalp (dandruff)

Question 15

Lichenification

Answer 15

Thickened, roughened skin. Exaggerated skin creases (elephant skin)

(ex. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Neurodermatitis)

Question 16

Excoriation

Answer 16

Scratch mark

NOTE excoriation is a physical finding (sign), whereas pruritus (itching) is what the patient complains of (symptom

Question 17

Alopecia

Answer 17

Hair loss. It appears in many forms.

Question 18

Exophthalmos

Answer 18

Protruding eyeballs

ex. Grave’s Disease

Question 19

Endophthalmos

Answer 19

Sunken eyeballs

ex. severe dehydration, “blow out” fracture

Question 20

Ptosis

Answer 20

Drooping of the upper lid

ex. 3rd cranial nerve palsy, Horner’s Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis

Question 21

Ectropion

Answer 21

Margin of the lower eyelid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Result is constant tearing.

Question 22

Entropion

Answer 22

Margin of the lower lid turns inward.

ex more commonly seen in elderly. Eyelashes irritate the conjunctiva and cornea.

Question 23

Exotropia

Answer 23

Temporal (lateral) deviation of the eye

ex. “walleyed”

Question 24

Esotropia

Answer 24

Nasal (medial) deviation of the eye

ex. “cross eyed”

Question 25

Mydriasis

Answer 25

Dilated pupil

Question 26

Miosis

Answer 26

Constricted pupil

Question 27

Aniscoria

Answer 27

Unequal pupils

Question 28

Microaneurysm

Answer 28

Tiny, round, red spots on the retina | ex. diabetes mellitus (an aspect of diabetic retinopathy)

Question 29

Hemorrhages

Answer 29

Retinal hemorrhages can be flame-shaped or red streaks | ex. hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy

Question 30

AV Nicking

Answer 30

An aspect of hypertensive retinopathy

Question 31

Exudates

Answer 31

White or grayish with irregular borders (cotton wool patches); creamy or yellowish with well defined borders (waxy exudates) (ex. Cotton Wool - part. with hypertension) (ex. Waxy Exudates - part. with diabetes mellitus)

Question 32

Tympanosclerosis

Answer 32

Chalk-like scarring on Tympanic Membrane | ex. recurrent otitis media; PE tubes

Question 33

Erythema

Answer 33

Means redness - any place | ex. Acute Otitis Media

Question 34

Bulging of Tympanic Membrane

Answer 34

Outward bulging (as compared to inward retraction) | ex. Acute Otitis Media

Question 35

Retraction of Tympanic Membrane

Answer 35

Inward displacement of tympanic membrane | ex. Prolonged Eustachian Tube Obstruction causing negative middle ear pressure.

Question 36

Skeletonization of Tympanic Membrane

Answer 36

Marked retraction of TM over middle ear ossicles from significant negative middle ear pressure. Ossicles look quite pronounced - clearly visible.

Question 37

Perforation of Tympanic Membrane

Answer 37

Hole in the TM (ex. Spontaneous due to Acute Otitis Media, head trauma or trauma from placing something in ear canal; from previous PE tube placement.)

Question 38

Nasal Septal Deviation

Answer 38

Typically is S-shaped | ex. Congenital or Traumatic

Question 39

Aphthous ulcer

Answer 39

Small superficial ulceration of oral mucosa | ex. "canker" sore

Question 40

Leukoplakia

Answer 40

White patch on the epithelium of mucous membranes (oral, genital, anal) (ex. Lichen planus; squamous cell carcinoma)