Head, Neck & Spine

Question 1

Describe the surface markings of the external jugular vein

Answer 1

Angle of mandible to middle of clavicle

Question 2

Describe the surface markings of the internal jugular vein

Answer 2

From earlobe to sternoclavicular joint, lateral and parallel to common carotid artery

Question 3

Which vessel goes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 3

Opthalmic vein

Question 4

Which vessels go through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 4

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 5

Where does the common carotid enter the skull?

Answer 5

Foramen lacerum

Question 6

Where does the facial nerve EXIT the skull?

Answer 6

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 7

Which level is L2?

Answer 7

Lowest part of 12th rib

Question 8

Describe the vertebral body of the cervical vertebra

Answer 8

Short

Small

Question 9

Describe the vertebral foramen of the cervical vertebra

Answer 9

Triangular

Wide

Question 10

Describe the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra

Answer 10

Cervical vertebrae have foramen transversarium

Question 11

Describe the spinous processes of the cervical vertebra

Answer 11

Bifid

Question 12

Describe the vertebral body of the thoracic vertebra

Answer 12

Heart shaped

Question 13

Describe the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebra

Answer 13

Circular

Question 14

Describe the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebra

Answer 14

These contain transverse costal facets which articulate with tubercle of the ribs

Question 15

What are demifacets, where are they found and what do they articulate with?

Answer 15

Superior and inferior demifacets are articular surfaces on the body of thoracic vertebrae which articulate with the HEAD of ribs

Question 16

Describe the vertebral bodies of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 16

Kidney shaped

Large

Question 17

Describe the vertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 17

Triangular

Question 18

Describe the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 18

Long and thin

Question 19

What do you call the foramina in the sacrum?

Answer 19

Anterior/posterior sacral foramina

Question 20

What is in-between the body and the transverse process, under the pedicle?

Answer 20

Inferior vertebral notch

Question 21

What do you call the joint between superior and inferior articular process of two adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 21

Zygapophysial joint

Question 22

What is at the level of C7?

Answer 22

Vertebra prominens

Question 23

Describe the location of the carotid pulse

Answer 23

Lateral to the trachea

Question 24

Describe which cervical lymph nodes one would palpate for

Answer 24

Submental
Submandibular
Parotid 
Preauricular
Postauricular
Occipital 
Anterior cervical chain
Posterior cervical chain 
Supraclavicular

Question 25

What is at the level of C3?

Answer 25

Body of hyoid

Question 26

What is at the level of C4?

Answer 26

Upper border of thyroid cartilage

Question 27

What is at C6?

Answer 27

Cricoid cartilage

Question 28

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 28

Vagus nerve Phrenic nerve Trunks of brachial plexus Spinal accessory nerve Subclavian artery Subclavian vein External jugular vein

Question 29

Describe the course of the IJV and surface landmarks for insertion of a central line into the IJV

Answer 29

IJV runs from jugular foramen, behind the SCM to the subclavian vein. Insertion: between two heads of SCM and clavicle; lateral to carotid pulse towards IPSILATERAL NIPPLE