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Head & Neck Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Origin

A

Mastoid process, lateral half of superior nuchal line

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Insertion

A

Sternal head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial one-third of clavicle

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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Action

A
  • Unilateral: Laterally flexes the head and rotates face to opposite side
  • Bilateral: Extends head
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4
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Innervation

A

Spinal accessory n. (CN XI)

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5
Q

Platysma

Origin

A

Mandible, skin of the cheek, angle of the mouth, and orbicularis oris muscle

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6
Q

Platysma

Insertion

A

Superficial fascia of the deltoid and pectoral regions

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7
Q

Platysma

Action

A

Tenses the skin of the neck, depresses the mandible

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8
Q

Platysma

Innervation

A

Cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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9
Q

Sternohyoid

Origin

A

Body of hyoid bone

Infrahyoid m.

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10
Q

Sternohyoid

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

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11
Q

Sternohyoid

Action

A

Depresses the hyoid

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12
Q

Sternohyoid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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13
Q

Omohyoid

Origin

A

Inferior border of hyoid bone

Infrahyoid m.

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14
Q

Omohyoid

Insertion

A

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

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15
Q

Omohyoid

Action

A

Depresses and retracts the hyoid

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16
Q

Omohyoid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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17
Q

Sternothyroid

Origin

A

Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Infrahyoid m.

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18
Q

Sternothyroid

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

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19
Q

Sternothyroid

Action

A

Depresses thyroid cartilage and larynx

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20
Q

Sternothyroid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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21
Q

Thyrohyoid

Origin

A

Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

Infrahyoid m.

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22
Q

Thyrohyoid

Insertion

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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23
Q

Thyrohyoid

Action

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates the thyroid cartilage and larynx

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24
Q

Thyrohyoid

Innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

AKA Nerve to the thyrohyoid

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25
Digastric | Origin
Digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly) | Suprahyoid m.
26
Digastric | Insertion
Mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
27
Digastric | Action
Elevates hyoid and depresses mandible
28
Digastric | Innervation
- Nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3) (anterior belly) | - Facial n. (CN VII) (posterior belly)
29
Stylohyoid | Origin
Styloid process of temporal bone | Suprahyoid m.
30
Stylohyoid | Insertion
Body of the hyoid
31
Stylohyoid | Action
Elevates hyoid
32
Stylohyoid | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
33
Mylohyoid | Origin
Mylohyoid line of mandible (lateral attachment) | Suprahyoid m.
34
Mylohyoid | Insertion
Hyoid bone and the mylohyoid raphe (medial attachment)
35
Mylohyoid | Action
Supports the floor of the oral cavity
36
Mylohyoid | Innervation
N. to mylohyoid (CN V3)
37
Anterior scalene | Origin
TP of C4–C6
38
Anterior scalene | Insertion
First rib
39
Anterior scalene | Action
Flexes neck, elevates first rib during inspiration
40
Anterior scalene | Innervation
Anterior rami C4–C6
41
Middle scalene | Origin
Posterior tubercles of TP of C2–C7
42
Middle scalene | Insertion
First rib
43
Middle scalene | Action
Flexes neck, elevates first rib during inspiration
44
Middle scalene | Innervation
Anterior rami C2–C6
45
Posterior scalene | Origin
Posterior tubercles of TP of C4–C6
46
Posterior scalene | Insertion
Second rib
47
Posterior scalene | Action
Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib during inspiration
48
Posterior scalene | Innervation
Anterior rami C7–C8
49
Orbicularis oculi | Origin
Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, and lacrimal bone
50
Orbicularis oculi | Insertion
Skin around the orbital margin
51
Orbicularis oculi | Action
Tightly closes the eye (orbital part) Blinking (palpebral part)
52
Orbicularis oculi | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
53
Levator labii superioris | Origin
Upper lip (inferior attachment)
54
Levator labii superioris | Insertion
Maxilla just below the orbital margin (superior attachment)
55
Levator labii superioris | Action
Elevates upper lip
56
Levator labii superioris | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
57
Zygomaticus major | Origin
Angle of the mouth
58
Zygomaticus major | Insertion
Zygomatic bone
59
Zygomaticus major | Action
Draws angle of mouth superiorly and posteriorly
60
Zygomaticus major | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
61
Orbicularis oris | Origin
Maxilla, mandible, and skin in the median plane
62
Orbicularis oris | Insertion
Angle of the mouth
63
Orbicularis oris | Action
Sphincter of the mouth
64
Orbicularis oris | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
65
Buccinator | Origin
Angle of the mouth
66
Buccinator | Insertion
Pterygomandibular raphe and the lateral surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible
67
Buccinator | Action
Compresses cheek against molar teeth, keeping food on the occlusal surfaces during chewing
68
Buccinator | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
69
Depressor anguli oris | Origin
Angle of the mouth
70
Depressor anguli oris | Insertion
Mandible
71
Depressor anguli oris | Action
Depresses the angle of the mouth
72
Depressor anguli oris | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
73
Depressor labii inferioris | Origin
Lower lip (superior attachment)
74
Depressor labii inferioris | Insertion
Mandible
75
Depressor labii inferioris | Action
Depresses lower lip
76
Depressor labii inferioris | Innervation
Facial n. (CN VII)
77
Masseter | Origin
Inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch
78
Masseter | Insertion
Lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
79
Masseter | Action
Elevates and protrudes mandible
80
Masseter | Innervation
CN V3 via mandibular n.
81
Temporalis | Origin
Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia
82
Temporalis | Insertion
Tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
83
Temporalis | Action
Elevates and retrudes mandible
84
Temporalis | Innervation
CN V3 via deep temporal nn.
85
Medial pterygoid | Origin
Deep head: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate Superficial head: Tuberosity of maxilla
86
Medial pterygoid | Insertion
Medial surface of ramus of mandible
87
Medial pterygoid | Action
Elevates and protrudes mandible (bilateral) Side to side movement of mandible (unilateral)
88
Medial pterygoid | Innervation
CN V3 via medial pterygoid n.
89
Lateral pterygoid | Origin
Infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid (superior head) Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head)
90
Lateral pterygoid | Insertion
Neck of mandible, articular disc, and capsule of TMJ
91
Lateral pterygoid | Action
Depresses and protrudes mandible (bilateral) Side-to-side movement of mandible (unilateral)
92
Lateral pterygoid | Innervation
CN V3 via lateral pterygoid n.
93
Levator palpebrae superioris | Origin
Tarsal plate of the upper eyelid
94
Levator palpebrae superioris | Insertion
Sphenoid bone
95
Levator palpebrae superioris | Action
Elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid
96
Levator palpebrae superioris | Innervation
Superior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)
97
Superior rectus | Origin
Sclera (anterior, superior surface)
98
Superior rectus | Insertion
Common tendinous ring
99
Superior rectus | Action
Elevation and adduction of the eye
100
Superior rectus | Innervation
Superior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)
101
Superior oblique | Origin
Sclera (posterior, lateral, superior surface)
102
Superior oblique | Insertion
Sphenoid bone
103
Superior oblique | Action
Depression, intorsion, and abduction of the eye
104
Superior oblique | Innervation
Trochlear n. (CN IV)
105
Lateral rectus | Origin
Sclera (anterior lateral surface)
106
Lateral rectus | Insertion
Common tendinous ring
107
Lateral rectus | Action
Abduction of the eye
108
Lateral rectus | Innervation
Abducent n. (CN VI)
109
Medial rectus | Origin
Sclera (anterior, medial surface)
110
Medial rectus | Insertion
Common tendinous ring
111
Medial rectus | Action
Adduction of the eye
112
Medial rectus | Innervation
Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)
113
Inferior rectus | Origin
Sclera (posterior, lateral, inferior surface)
114
Inferior rectus | Insertion
Common tendinous ring
115
Inferior rectus | Action
Depression and adduction of the eye
116
Inferior rectus | Innervation
Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)
117
Inferior oblique | Origin
Sclera (anterior, inferior surface)
118
Inferior oblique | Insertion
Maxilla
119
Inferior oblique | Action
Elevation, extorsion, and abduction of the eye
120
Inferior oblique | Innervation
Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)
121
Superior pharyngeal constrictor | Origin
Pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular fascia
122
Superior pharyngeal constrictor | Insertion
Pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe
123
Superior pharyngeal constrictor | Action
Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing
124
Superior pharyngeal constrictor | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
125
Middle pharyngeal constrictor | Origin
Greater horn of the hyoid bone and inferior portion of the stylohyoid ligament
126
Middle pharyngeal constrictor | Insertion
Pharyngeal raphe
127
Middle pharyngeal constrictor | Action
Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing
128
Middle pharyngeal constrictor | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
129
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor | Origin
Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage
130
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor | Insertion
Pharyngeal raphe
131
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor | Action
Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing
132
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
133
Stylopharyngeus | Origin
Styloid process (superior attachment)
134
Stylopharyngeus | Insertion
Posterior and superior borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus (inferior attachment)
135
Stylopharyngeus | Action
Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
136
Stylopharyngeus | Innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
137
Palatoglossus | Origin
Palatine aponeurosis
138
Palatoglossus | Insertion
Lateral aspect of the tongue
139
Palatoglossus | Action
Elevates tongue and depresses soft palate
140
Palatoglossus | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
141
Palatopharyngeus | Origin
Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
142
Palatopharyngeus | Insertion
Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall
143
Palatopharyngeus | Action
Elevates larynx during swallowing and speaking
144
Palatopharyngeus | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
145
Salpingopharyngeus | Origin
Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
146
Salpingopharyngeus | Insertion
Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall
147
Salpingopharyngeus | Action
Elevates larynx during swallowing and speaking
148
Salpingopharyngeus | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
149
Musculus uvulae | Origin
Posterior nasal spine (anterior attachment)
150
Musculus uvulae | Insertion
Palatine aponeurosis
151
Musculus uvulae | Action
Elevates and retracts uvula
152
Musculus uvulae | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
153
Levator veli palatini | Origin
Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube and petrous part of temporal bone
154
Levator veli palatini | Insertion
Palatine aponeurosis
155
Levator veli palatini | Action
Elevates soft palate
156
Levator veli palatini | Innervation
Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
157
Tensor veli palatini | Origin
Scaphoid fossa and spine of sphenoid bone
158
Tensor veli palatini | Insertion
Palatine aponeurosis
159
Tensor veli palatini | Action
Tenses the soft palate
160
Tensor veli palatini | Innervation
Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)
161
Geniohyoid | Origin
Inferior mental spine of mandible (anterior attachment)
162
Geniohyoid | Insertion
Body of hyoid bone (posterior attachment)
163
Geniohyoid | Action
Pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly
164
Geniohyoid | Innervation
C1 via the Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
165
Genioglossus | Origin
Superior mental spine of the mandible (anterior attachment)
166
Genioglossus | Insertion
Hyoid bone and tongue (posterior attachment)
167
Genioglossus | Action
Depresses and protrudes tongue
168
Genioglossus | Innervation
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
169
Hyoglossus | Origin
Side and inferior aspect of tongue
170
Hyoglossus | Insertion
Body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
171
Hyoglossus | Action
Depresses and retracts tongue
172
Hyoglossus | Innervation
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
173
Styloglossus | Origin
Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
174
Styloglossus | Insertion
Side and inferior aspect of tongue
175
Styloglossus | Action
Retracts tongue and draws it superiorly
176
Styloglossus | Innervation
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
177
Cricothyroid | Origin
Inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
178
Cricothyroid | Insertion
Anterolateral surface of cricoid cartilage
179
Cricothyroid | Action
Tilts the thyroid cartilage anteriorly to lengthen (tense) the vocal folds
180
Cricothyroid | Innervation
External branch of the superior laryngeal n. (CN X)
181
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle | Origin
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
182
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle | Insertion
Posterior surface of the lamina of cricoid cartilage
183
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle | Action
Rotates arytenoid cartilage laterally to abduct vocal folds
184
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle | Innervation
Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)
185
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle | Origin
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
186
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle | Insertion
Arch of cricoid cartilage
187
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle | Action
Rotates arytenoid cartilage medially to adduct vocal folds
188
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle | Innervation
Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)
189
Thyroarytenoid | Origin
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
190
Thyroarytenoid | Insertion
Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage
191
Thyroarytenoid | Action
Tilts arytenoid cartilage anteriorly to relax vocal folds
192
Thyroarytenoid | Innervation
Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)
193
Branches of External Carotid Artery
Inferior to Superior: - Superior thyroid artery - Ascending pharyngeal - Lingual artery - Facial artery, going up - Occipital artery - Posterior auricular - Maxillary - Superficial temporal artery
194
Foramina in anterior cranial fossa and what they contain
Anterior cranial fossa: Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate: Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium form olfactory nerves (CN I)
195
Foramina in Middle cranial fossa and what they contain
- Optic canal: Optic nerve (CN II) - Superior orbital fissure: Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) and branches, oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and abducent nerve (CN VI) - Foramen rotundum: Maxillary nerve (CN V2) - Foramen ovale: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
196
Formina in Posterior cranial fossa and what they contain
- Foramen magnum: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) - Jugular foramen: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), and spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) - Hypoglossal canal: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
197
Branches of Subclavian
- Vertebral artery - Internal Thoracic artery - Thyrocervical trunk - Costcervical trunk - Dorsal scapular artery
198
Branches of Costocervical Trunk
- Supreme intercostal artery | - Deep cervical artery
199
Cutaneous nerves on neck
Transverse cervical n. (C2,C3) - runs across SCM Great auricular N. (C2, C3)- goes to anterior aspect of ear Lesser occipital n. (C2) - post border SCM and sup to occiput Supraclavicular n. (C3, C4)- goes to shoulder skin/around clavicle

Foundations (9 decks)

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