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Y2 NEUROLOGY > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

what is the one-year prevelence of headache disorders?

A

50%

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2
Q

what are the two types of headache syndrome?

A

primary and secondary

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3
Q

What are examples of a primary headache syndrome?

A

migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache

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4
Q

How are primary headaches classified?

A

long-lasting or short-lasting

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5
Q

what duration is a short-lasting headache?

A

less than 4 hours

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6
Q

What two types of primary headache fall under long-lasting?

A

migraine and tension-type

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7
Q

what type of primary headache falls under short-lasting?

A

trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia - a cluster headache

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8
Q

What are the common features of migraines?

A

headache disorders, tendency for repeated headaches, visual vertigo, motion sickness

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9
Q

What causes migraines?

A

spreading electrical depression across the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What is a migraine attack?

A

pain and focal symptoms - aphasia, paraesthesia, weakness

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11
Q

what is an ‘aura’?

A

sensation that precedes a migraine, can have positive and negative symptoms

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12
Q

what are the positive symptoms of an ‘aura’ ?

A

bright flashes, zig-zags, expanding Cs

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13
Q

what are the negative symptoms of an ‘aura’ ?

A

darkness, loss of vision, blindspot

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14
Q

What are the five migraine stages?

A

prodrome - changes in mood, urination, food craving. Aura - visual, sensory and weakness. Headache - head and body pain, nausea, photophobia. Resolution - rest and sleep. Recovery - mood disturbed, food intolerance, feeling hungover

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15
Q

What types of drugs should be avoided in headache management?

A

opiate-based and mixed analgesics - can cause a medication overuse headache

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16
Q

When assessing a headache disorder, what red flag symptoms should cause you to consider secondary headache?

A

Age - new or different headaches in a person 50+. onset - sudden, abrupt, onset of a severe headache (thunderclap headache). Systemic symptoms - fever, neck stiffness, rash, weight loss. Neurological signs - confusion, impaired consciousness, focal neurology, swollen optic discs.

17
Q

How should migraines be managed?

A

Avoid triggers, diet, sleep, exercise, mindfulness.

18
Q

In terms of medication, how should migraines be treat?

A

Hard and fast. Paracetamol, NSAIDs, prokinetics, Triptans

19
Q

How do patients describe tension type headaches?

A

Tight muscles around head and neck as though head is in a vice

20
Q

How do tension type headaches present?

A

Bilateral, mild or moderate pain that is not aggravated by movement

21
Q

Nausea and vomiting is a feature of tension type headaches, true or false?

A

False

22
Q

How are tension type headaches treated?

A

Preventative medications rarely required

23
Q

How does a cluster headache present?

A

Severe unilateral pain with ipsilateral conjunctival redness and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and eyelid oedema

24
Q

Forehead or facial sweating is a feature of what type of headache?

A

Cluster headaches

25
Q

A sense of restlessness or agitation is suggestive of which type of headaches?

A

Cluster headaches

26
Q

How are cluster headaches treated acutely?

A

Nasal or subcutaneous Triptan, high flow oxygen

27
Q

Why is high flow oxygen prescribed for the acute management of cluster headaches?

A

Oxygen inhibits neuronal activation in the trigeminocervical complex

28
Q

Which type of headache is never bilateral?

A

Cluster headaches

29
Q

Do migraines show unilateral or bilateral pain?

A

Unilateral but sometimes bilateral

30
Q

Pulsating pain is a feature of what type of headache?

A

Migraine

31
Q

Which type of headaches are aggravated by or causing avoidance of, routine physical activity?

A

Migraines

32
Q

Rhinorroea is a feature of what type of headache?

A

Cluster headaches

33
Q

Photophobia and phonophobia are features of what type of headache?

A

Migraines

34
Q

How long does a tension-type headache usually last?

A

Hours to days

35
Q

How long does a cluster headache normally last?

A

15 minutes to 3 hours

36
Q

What is a secondary headache?

A

Headache is spercipitated by another condition / disorder - local os systemic. Serious causes of secondary headache are uncommon.

Y2 NEUROLOGY (10 decks)

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