Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology > Headaches > Flashcards

Headaches Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 4 different onsets of headaches?

A

Acute, recurrent acute, subacute, chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some differentials of acute onset headaches?

A

meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis, acute glaucoma, sinusitis, head injury, gtn spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some differentials of recurrent acute?

A

Migraine, cluster headache, coital headache, tension headache, medication-induced headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a type of subacute headache?

A

Giant cell ateritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some differentials of chronic headaches?

A

raised ICP due to hydrocephalus, space occupying lesion or benign raised intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common triggers of Migraines

A 
Chocolate
Hormones
Oral contraceptive
Caffeine 
Obesity
Lights
Alcohol
Travel
Exercise
Others - cheese, pregnancy, common around puberty, menstruation, menopause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the aura features of a migraine with aura?

A

Aura fully reversible
Visual, sensory, motor or language symptom (aura)
Aura duration 20-60mins
Headache follows <1hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the general symptoms of a migraine?

A 
throbbing sensation
photophobia
unilateral 
pain begins locally then spreads
vomiting
sensitivity to pain and stimuli
no neurological signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of a basilar migraine?

A

tongue tingling, vertigo, diplopia, visual disturbance, dysarthria, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the feature of a facioplegic migraine?

A

Unilateral face weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the other less common types of migraines?

A

Acephalgic, retinal, opthalmic, hemiplegic, abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of a migraine with aura?

A

headaches lasting 4/72 hours with aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria of a migraine without aura?

A

at least 5 attacks
duration 4-72 hours
2 of: moderate/severe, unilateral, throbbing pain, worse movement
1 of: autonomic features, photophobia/phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What investigations could you consider in those presenting with migraine symptoms?

A

ESR
LP
CSF culture
CT head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the non-pharmacological management of migraines?

A 
set realistic goals
education
headache diary
relaxation/stress management
diet, hydration, regular exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the acute pharmacological of migraines?

A

offer combination therapy with a oral triptan (sumatriptain) and an NSAID (aspirin), or an oral triptan AND paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prophylactic management of migraines?

A

1st line - topiramate or propranolol

Others - amitriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the underlying pathophysiology of tension headaches?

A

increased tension in scalp muscles and neurovascular irritation, raised cortisol levels?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

triggers of tension heads

A

stress, noise, concentrated visual effort, funes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clinical symptoms of tension headaches

A

bilateral, tight band sensation, radiate to neck, pressure behind the eyes, throbbing sensation, not sensitive to head movement, no nausea, absense of photo/phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

management of tension headaches

Study These Flashcards
A

reassurance, avoiding triggers, stress relief, massage, analgesia

22
Q

What are the ipsilateral cranial autonomic features?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Ptosis
miosis
nasal stuffiness
nausea/vomiting
tearing
chemosis
23
Q

What are the 4 TAC headaches?

Study These Flashcards
A

cluster
paroxysmal hemicrania
hemicrania continua
SUNCT

24
Q

What investigations should be done on those with TACSs?

Study These Flashcards
A

MRI and MR angiogram

25
pathophysiology of TACs
increased CGRP increased VIP simultaneous activation of trigeminal nerve and parasympathetic components of facial nerve hypothalamus and endogenous clock
26
Cluster headaches affect which group?
young (20-55) | Men>Women
27
duration of cluster headaches
20mins - 3 hours
28
frequency of cluster headaches
1 to 8
29
acute management of cluster headaches
sumatriptan | high flow oxygen
30
prophylactic management of cluster headaches
verapamil | steroids?
31
paroxysmal hemicrania affects which group?
elderly | women
32
duration of paraoxysmal hemicrania headaches?
2-45 minutes
33
frequency of paraoxysmal hemicrania headaches?
1 to 40 a day
34
management of paraoxysmal hemicrania?
Indomethicin
35
Differences between paraoxysmal hemicrania and cluster headaches?
shorter duration, more frequent, affects elderly women (not younger men)
36
what does SUNCT stand for?
short lived (15-120 secs, frequency 3-200 per day) unilateral (temporal, retro-orbital, supraorbital) neuralgiaform headache (sawtooth) conjunctival injections tearing
37
management of SUNCT
lamotrigine, gabapentin
38
trigeminal neuralgia effects which group?
elderly (>60) | women>men
39
which divisions of the trigeminal nerve most commonly affected?
maxillary and mandibular
40
underlying pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia
microanatomical small and large fibre damage in the nerve, essentially at its root entry zone, leads to ephaptic transmission, in which action potentials jump form one fibre to another lack of inhibitory inputs re-entry mechansim
41
What are the risk factors of trigeminal neuralgia
increased age MS female hypertension
42
causes of trigeminal neuralgia
``` focal compression by aberrant vascular loop (superior cerebellar artery) demyelinating disease (demyelinating plaque) ```
43
What are common triggers of trigeminal neuralgia?
touch, cold wind, shaving, brushing teeth, talking, eating and drinking
44
clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia
severe unilateral pain (electric shock like) duration: 1 to 90 secs (sometimes longer) Frequency: 10 to 100 a day Bouts can lasts months before remission no weakness
45
What are the different classifications of trigeminal neuralgia?
IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA TYPE I (TNI) 'CLASSIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA' (CTN) IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA TYPE II (TNII) 'ATYPICAL TN' TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN TRIGEMINAL DEAFFERENTATION PAIN 'ANAESTHESIA DOLOROSA SYMPTOMATIC TN POST-HERPETIC TN ATYPICAL FACE PAIN
46
management of trigmenial neuralgia
Pain - carbamazepine (then gabapentin + amitriptyline) | Microvascular decompression, ablation
47
Definition of medication overuse headaches
headache lasting 15 days, which started or got worse while patient was on regular medication use and improves within 2 months of discontinuing overused medications
48
Features of primary cough headaches
occurs on coughing sharp bilateral pain lasting short duration most have underlying cause (chiari, anuerysm)
49
features of primary exertion headache
occurs with exercise | pulsating headache, bilateral
50
features of primary sexual headache
early coital cephalgia - dull, aching pain in occipital region that increases in severity as sexual excitement increases Late coital cephalgia - severe and maximal during an organism
51
features of carotid dissection
can be spontaneous or due to extreme hyper extension of neck, presents in head/neck with pain, symptoms of ischaemia distal to dissection with horners syndrom
52
features of giant cell arteritis
scalp tenderness, jaw claudication

Neurology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions