Health

Question 1

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 1

Provide energy

Question 2

What do fats do?

Answer 2

Provide warmth and energy

Question 3

What does protein do?

Answer 3

Helps with growth, cell repair, and cell replacement

Question 4

What does fibre do?

Answer 4

Helps your digestive system run smoothly

Question 5

What do you need vitamins and minerals for?

Answer 5

Keep you generally healthy

Question 6

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 6

The rate at which chemical reactions happen within your cells

Question 7

What can affect your metabolic rate?

Answer 7

Ratio of muscle to fat, amount of exercise and genetics

Question 8

What is obesity?

Answer 8

Being 20% or more over your recommended body mass

Question 9

What can cause obesity?

Answer 9

Lack of exercise, unbalanced diet and some illnesses

Question 10

What can obesity lead to?

Answer 10

Arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms of cancer

Question 11

What can having too much saturated fat lead to?

Answer 11

High cholesterol

Question 12

What can having too much salt lead to?

Answer 12

High blood pressure and heart problems

Question 13

What is malnutrition?

Answer 13

When someone’s diet is unbalanced so they don’t get enough of a certain food group

Question 14

What can malnutrition lead to?

Answer 14

Slow growth, fatigue, irregular periods and poor immunity

Question 15

What causes deficiency diseases?

Answer 15

A lack of vitamins or minerals

Question 16

What does a lack of vitamin C cause?

Answer 16

Scurvy, which causes problems with joints, skin and gums

Question 17

Why is exercise important?

Answer 17

It increases the amount of energy used and decreases the amount stored as fat, it builds muscle and increases metabolic rate, so you are less likely to suffer from certain health problems

Question 18

What are pathogens?

Answer 18

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause diseases

Question 19

What are the two main types of pathogen?

Answer 19

Bacteria and viruses

Question 20

Which is smaller; bacteria or viruses?

Answer 20

Viruses

Question 21

How do bacteria make you feel ill?

Answer 21

They damage your cells and produce toxins

Question 22

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 22

They invade your cells and use the cell’s machinery to make copies of themselves, then they burst, releasing the new viruses

Question 23

How do viruses make you feel ill?

Answer 23

By the cell damage that occurs when the cell bursts releasing new viruses

Question 24

What methods does your body have of stopping pathogens getting in?

Answer 24

Your skin, hairs and mucus in the respiratory tract, blood clots over scabs and your immune system

Question 25

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 25

They attack harmful pathogens

Question 26

How do white blood cells attack pathogens?

Answer 26

They engulf them, they produce antitoxins to fight the toxins released by the bacteria and they produce antibodies to fight the antigens released by the pathogen

Question 27

How does immunity occur?

Answer 27

When you are infected by a pathogen, your body produces antibodies to combat it, so if you are infected again, your body can quickly produce the antibodies to kill the pathogen making you immune

Question 28

What is in a vaccine?

Answer 28

Small amounts of dead or inactive microorganisms

Question 29

How does a vaccine make you immune?

Answer 29

You are injected with a small amount of dead or inactive microorganisms, and because they are dead or inactive they won’t make you ill, but your body still produces antibodies to combat them, so if you are infected again, your body can quickly produce the antibodies to kill the pathogen making you immune

Question 30

Why do booster injections need to be given?

Answer 30

To increase levels of antibodies

Question 31

What are the pros of vaccination?

Answer 31

They help control lots of infectious diseases and epidemics can easily be prevented as fewer people are able to catch the disease

Question 32

What are the cons of vaccination?

Answer 32

They don’t always work and people can have bad reactions to them

Question 33

Why don’t painkillers cure you of a disease?

Answer 33

Because they just reduce the symptoms, they don’t actually kill the pathogen

Question 34

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 34

Kill harmful bacteria

Question 35

Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses?

Answer 35

Because to kill the virus they would have to kill the human cell

Question 36

What happens when a bacteria becomes resistant to an antibiotic?

Answer 36

It won’t be killed by that antibiotic

Question 37

What causes antibiotic resistance?

Answer 37

Over prescribing antibiotics and not finishing a course of antibiotics

Question 38

How does not finishing a course of antibiotics cause bacteria to become antibiotic resistant?

Answer 38

Only the toughest bacteria will be left, which will reproduce, and the population will increase, so the first antibiotic won’t kill them as they are resistant

Question 39

What did Ignaz Semmelweis do and what did it prove?

Answer 39

He noticed that many women were dying after childbirth due to a disease, and he believed that doctors were spreading this disease on their unwashed hands, so he told them to wash their hands in antiseptic and the death rate decreased dramatically

Question 40

Why didn’t people believe Ignaz Semmelweis?

Answer 40

He had no proof as he didn’t know that the antiseptic was killing the bacteria