Health and fitness

Question 1

What muscle is the prime mover for a seated lateral dumbbell raise to shoulder level with elbows slightly flexed?

Answer 1

Middle deltoid

Question 2

What occurs when running up an incline?

Answer 2

A greater range of motion occurs in the ankle joint

Question 3

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at sub-maximal workload would be expected to have a(n) _____ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program?

Answer 3

Somewhat lower

Question 4

Your client has discovered she is pregnant through a home pregnancy test. She wants to continue to exercise during her pregnancy and is seeking your help. What is the best recommendation?

Answer 4

Encourage her to see a physician for any possible limitations

Question 5

You have a new male client who is 68” tall, 194lbs, and is cleared by his physician for an exercise program of moderate intensity. Which constitutes a SMART weigh loss goal for him?

Answer 5

Lose 1-2lbs per week by walking 40 minutes, 5x per week at 3.8mph on treadmill

(Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound)

Question 6

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55 year old male executive complains of a full ache in the left side of the chest that is aggravated with respiration. What would you consider is the source of the pain?

Answer 6

Muscular

Question 7

When considering the acute response of arm vs leg exercises which is true?

Answer 7

At peak workload, oxygen consumption is greater with leg exercises

Question 8

What is the most likely cause of lightheadedness and dizziness by an older adult who moves from a lying position to standing position?

Answer 8

Decreased venous return

Question 9

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n) ______ given fixed sub-maximal exercise intensity

Answer 9

Increase in stroke volume and decrease in heart rate

Question 10

A 50 year old woman who quit smoking 5 months ago with a blood pressure of 120/90mmHG, BMI 29kg/m2, LDL 135mg/dl, HDL 70mg/dL. She wants to start a new exercise program. How many net positive risk factors does she have?

Answer 10

2

Smoking history
High LDL

Question 11

What muscle extends the elbow

Answer 11

Triceps brachii

Question 12

A process that entails conveying complete understanding to a client or patient about his or her options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program is known as ________

Answer 12

Informed consent

Question 13

Older adults may have difficulty performing activities of daily living due to ________

Answer 13

Decreased joint mobility

Question 14

ACSM’s guidelines recommends a _______ client who is beginning a(n) ________ should obtain a medical exam and graded exercise test

Answer 14

46 year old female newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

Cycling class

Question 15

One purpose of the pre-participation health screening is to ________

Answer 15

Identify clients in need of physical clearance

Question 16

ACSM guidelines the ________ categorized under moderate risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 16

47 year old man with high blood pressure

Question 17

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM health and fitness facility pre-participation screening questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physicians referral. What sole aspect of his history would put him in this category?

Answer 17

He experiences chest discomfort with exertion

Question 18

The physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) includes questions regarding what

Answer 18

Presence of chest pain and dizziness

Question 19

What acute cardiovascular responses accompany the transition from sitting to walking?

Answer 19

Increase in cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference

Question 20

Decreased muscle masses as a result of the aging process plays a role in ______ and ______

Answer 20

Glucose intolerance

Declining independence

Question 21

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training

Answer 21

Both sub-maximal heart rate for standard exercise task, and resting heart rate decrease

Question 22

Which peripheral adaption is in part responsible for improvements in oxygen consumption that result from regular cardiovascular exercise

Answer 22

Increased capillary density

Question 23

Which body fat distribution pattern is most commonly associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease

Answer 23

Android

Question 24

The ________ is the muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing

Answer 24

Diaphragm

Question 25

One difference between over reaching and over training is that

Answer 25

Over training involves a syndrome of prolonged fatigue in athletes whereas over reaching may be planned, short term training phase of high intensity exercise followed by short term recovery

Question 26

How should the personal trainer advise this client: 52 year old sedentary female, BP 150/70mmHg and total serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL who desires to begin a vigorous intensity exercise program

Answer 26

Begin a low intensity exercise program until medical clearance is obtained

Question 27

Proper spotting technique for the forward step lunge when using a barbell involves positioning yourself ________

Answer 27

Behind the client, placing your hands in their waist is balance starts to become compromised

Question 28

Over training symptoms include

Answer 28

Decreased neuromuscular strength

Question 29

What is bradycardia?

Answer 29

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

Question 30

Muscular balance in a resistance training session may be achieved by alternating what

Answer 30

Leg extensions and leg curls

Question 31

What is tachycardia?

Answer 31

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

Question 32

Which muscles are used to flex the knee joint?

Answer 32

Hamstrings Garcilis Sartorious

Question 33

ACSM recommendation for an effective strength training program for a menopausal client?

Answer 33

10-15 reps per set of moderate to vigorous intensity for 8-10 major muscle groups

Question 34

Which statement is not an ACSM guideline for aerobic exercise and the older adult?

Answer 34

Exercise must be vigorous and continuous to be beneficial

Question 35

What is the order of normal electrical conduction of the heart?

Answer 35

``` SA node AV bundle Bundle of His Bundle branches Purkinje fibers ```

Question 36

Which is most associated with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?

Answer 36

Stretching techniques

Question 37

Your client reports that she drank 20oz of coffee 20 minutes prior to her exercise session. How might this affect her heart rate and blood pressure responses?

Answer 37

Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate

Question 38

During your initial assessment of your client you notice her resting heart is 45 beats per minute, while asymptomatic and the taking many medications. What best describes this heart rate?

Answer 38

Bradycardia

Question 39

Which structure is responsible for maintaining atrio-ventricular valve closure in the heart?

Answer 39

Papillary muscle

Question 40

42 year old male stock broker, 185 mg/dL, HDL 32mg/dL, LDL 110 mg/dL, resting BP 138/80hg, waist circumference 98cm. Based on this risk assessment what is appropriate for this client?

Answer 40

Begin vigorous exercise immediately

Question 41

What action is produced by the quadriceps femora muscles during the concentric phase of the back squat exercise?

Answer 41

Knee extension

Question 42

What is the potential side effect of taking diet pills prior to an exercise session?

Answer 42

Increased blood pressure and heart rate

Question 43

80 year old client is beginning an exercise program. What is recommended when providing initial stability ball training?

Answer 43

Place the ball close to the wall for the first few sessions

Question 44

Which recommendation is most appropriate for the hypertensive individual training to improve cardio respiratory endurance?

Answer 44

Swimming at 65% VO2max

Question 45

When working with a client who has COPD (stable and medically cleared for exercise) and likes swimming, you should recommend they swim ________ days a week at a ________ % intensity

Answer 45

3 | High

Question 46

Dumbbells, barbells, kettle bells, and medicine balls are generally considered what type of equipment

Answer 46

Dynamic external resistance devices

Question 47

When working with clients who have complications from type 2 diabetes mellitus hypoglycemia during exercise becomes a greater concern with

Answer 47

Autonomic neuropathy

Question 48

Henry would like to focus on improving strength in his chest muscles, what exercises reflect the specificity principle

Answer 48

Dumbbell fly

Question 49

What are three non-modifiable conditions that place someone at increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease

Answer 49

Advances age Gender Family history

Question 50

What are the acute effects of alcohol intake on exercise?

Answer 50

Promotes dehydration and increased risk of heart arrhythmia

Question 51

A client who reports a decreased rating of perceived exertion at a given treadmill running speed after taking albuterol, likely suffers from what condition?

Answer 51

Asthma

Question 52

What is the action of the trapezius muscle in the lifting phase of a standing dumbbell lateral raise?

Answer 52

Concentric upward rotation of the scapula

Question 53

When you determine that your client is over striding when they run what would be the effect on their running performance due to this mechanical error?

Answer 53

Decrease in running economy and increase in braking motion

Question 54

Which of the following are not recommended for persons with asthma who desire to participate in a strenuous aerobic exercise program?

Answer 54

Use of short, intense warm ups

Question 55

What is the recommendation for daily physical activity for youth?

Answer 55

30 minutes of moderate or vigorous intensity

Question 56

When developing an exercise prescription for a client visiting a high altitude environment (over 1500m) the personal trainer should be aware that

Answer 56

It may take up to two weeks to overcome decreased exercise performance

Question 57

During the concentric phase of a chin up (with the forearms in a supinated grip) the glenohumeral joint is moving through _______ in the ________ plane

Answer 57

Extension | Sagittal

Question 58

Which environmental trigger is not associated with exercise induced asthma

Answer 58

Warm air

Question 59

What is the recommended intensity range of aerobic exercise for a low risk adult who currently meets minimal physical activity levels?

Answer 59

40-55% HHR

Question 60

What is the exercise response to acute cigarette smoking?

Answer 60

Heart rate increases, likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases

Question 61

What is the leading cause of non-cardiovascular death in young athletes?

Answer 61

Overheating

Question 62

Which of the following blood lipids is influenced by more physical activity than by nutrition modification

Answer 62

HDL

Question 63

Why is cool down period important?

Answer 63

Returns pooled blood back to central circulation

Question 64

What does it mean is a specific activity is contraindicated?

Answer 64

Does not perform at all

Question 65

What is a result of resistance training in adolescents?

Answer 65

Promotes muscular strength

Question 66

What resistance training method is described by a light to heavy or heavy to light progression of sets?

Answer 66

Pyramid

Question 67

What is FITTE?

Answer 67

``` Frequency Intensity Time Type Enjoyment ```

Question 68

What resistance training method is being bused when the client is performing a set of bicep curls immediately followed by tricep push downs?

Answer 68

Super sets

Question 69

What is the first phase of an annual training cycle?

Answer 69

Prepatory

Question 70

Which of the following exercise program variables describes a change in intensity?

Answer 70

Increasing a treadmill incline by five degrees

Question 71

What happens to the muscle during isometric tension development?

Answer 71

No change in the length of the muscle

Question 72

The CDC and the ACSM recommends that every adult should accumulate ________ minutes or more of moderate intensity exercise on most, preferably all days of the week

Answer 72

30 minutes

Question 73

What is the suggested order of an exercise session

Answer 73

Warm up Endurance phase Cool down Stretch

Question 74

What is the function of hamstring muscles

Answer 74

Hip extensors

Question 75

When performing a seated leg extension, which muscle group is the primary agonist during the concentric phase

Answer 75

Hamstrings

Question 76

According to the FOOD guide pyramid, how should fats and oils be used

Answer 76

Sparingly

Question 77

In what scenario should an AED be used?

Answer 77

Unconscious client without a pulse

Question 78

What is the equivalent of 2.5 pounds in kilocalories

Answer 78

8750 kcal

Question 79

What is the normal range of BMI

Answer 79

18.5 to 24.9

Question 80

A client is attempting to lose 10lb. In order to lose 1.5lb a week, she will have to reduce her caloric intake by _______?

Answer 80

750

Question 81

Clients seeking nutritional meal planning from from ACSM CPT should be:

Answer 81

Referred to a registered dietician

Question 82

Which of the following statements about dehydroepiandrosterone is correct?

Answer 82

The FDA has classified it as a controlled drug

Question 83

What is the definition of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 83

Hardening of the arteries

Question 84

According to the current 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans:

Answer 84

The elderly and individuals with dark skin are at greater risk of low vitamin D concentrations than other populations

Question 85

59yr old female, BMI 33, no history of heart disease, mom had myocardial infarction at the age of 66, ex smoker who quit 15 years ago, BP 135/85, total cholesterol 180mg/dL, HDL level 30mg/dL, blood glucose 100mg/dL - What risk stratification does she fall into - how many risk favors for coronary disease does this client possess - what are the risk factors

Answer 85

Moderate Three Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hypercholesterolemia

Question 86

An intake of additional protein calories above an average individuals daily requirement will result in what

Answer 86

A conversion to fat and storage as triglyceride

Question 87

Does a properly administered consent form release the PT from liability?

Answer 87

No, neither the personnel nor the facility

Question 88

What is the correct order of an effective program planning model

Answer 88

Needs assessment Program planning Implementation Evaluation

Question 89

A routine pattern of adhering to and documenting compliance with fitness industry guidelines is often an effective guard against ________

Answer 89

Negligence

Question 90

What is the role of high density lipoprotein in the blood

Answer 90

Transports cholesterol

Question 91

Which of the following is a potential danger of long-term consumption of a high protein diet?

Answer 91

Calcium is drawn from the bones and excreted in the urine

Question 92

What term best describes accurate record keeping, a safe environment, and proper supervision

Answer 92

Risk management

Question 93

Which legal term is defined as a failure to conform ones conduct to a generally accepted standard of duty

Answer 93

Negligence

Question 94

What effect should a bronchodilator have on your asthmatic client

Answer 94

Decrease airway resistance

Question 95

Your client reports an ankle edema, what should you look for

Answer 95

Swelling

Question 96

A client is thinking about starting an exercise program but can never seem to find the time. Which stage of the transtheoretical model is he in

Answer 96

Contemplation

Question 97

What is the formula for calculating heart rate reserve

Answer 97

Maximum heart rate minus resting heart rate

Question 98

Which of the following is the correct energy expenditure in METs associated with an exercise oxygen uptake of 28ml-kg-1-min-1

Answer 98

8

Question 99

45year old male weighs 202lbs skin fold analysis indicates 24% of his weight is fat, if he wants to decrease his body fat to 17%, what is his target body weight assuming he maintains the same lean body mass

Answer 99

185lbs

Question 100

When doing a push-up on the floor, the motion at the elbow joint is called ________ and the type of muscle action is called ________

Answer 100

Flexion | Eccentric

Question 101

An appropriate exercise to develop muscle endurance for the _______ is ________?

Answer 101

Wrist flexors | 1 set of 15 reps of wrist curls at low resistance

Question 102

A client exercising at a level 15 on the BORG rating if perceived exertion scale is likely to describe the exercise as

Answer 102

HARD

Question 103

The ACSM recommends exercise prescription for developing and maintaining muscular strength and endurance for health and fitness includes a minimum of

Answer 103

1 set of 8-10 exercises that train the major muscle groups of the lower and upper body

Question 104

The valsalva maneuver may elicit which of the following physiological responses during the concentric phase of a resistance repitition

Answer 104

Increased intrathoracic pressure and increased systolic blood pressure

Question 105

Using the heart rate reserve method, what is the target heart rate for a 40 year old man with a resting heart rate of 70bpm exercising at an intensity of 65%

Answer 105

142 bpm

Question 106

A client who wants to strengthen muscles of the chest must perform exercises such as the bench press, dumbbell flys as opposed to lat pull down and dumbbell rows. What principle of training best describes this principle?

Answer 106

Specificity

Question 107

Which of the following muscle groups must be strengthened in order to maintain a healthy back?

Answer 107

Abdominal, hip extensions, and erector spineae

Question 108

What is the term used for a training regimen that begins with rapid eccentric muscle action followed by concentric action of the same muscle?

Answer 108

Pylonetrics

Question 109

What is the heart's predominant pacemaker?

Answer 109

Sinoatrial node

Question 110

The recommended initial treatment for an acute joint injury is the application of what

Answer 110

Compression and cold

Question 111

What is your best course of action when you have evidence that one of your clients has an eating disorder

Answer 111

Refer the client to a medical professional

Question 112

What is one warning sign of anorexia nervosa

Answer 112

Preferring to eat in isolation

Question 113

An athletes in heavy endurance training should maintain a daily carbohydrate intake that is approximately what percentage of his total energy intake

Answer 113

65%

Question 114

A client is 5'3 and 130lb, after calculating her BMI what category does she fall in

Answer 114

Normal

Question 115

A new client has been resistance training for 6 months, they come to you with a goal of increasing muscular size. Following health and fitness appraisal testing you determine a good starting program would be:

Answer 115

4-6 sets of 6-12 reps at 85%

Question 116

When reading the label on a new energy bar you notice it is sweetened with fructose. Based on this what conclusion can you come to about this product

Answer 116

It is sweetened with a monosaccharide

Question 117

A CPT fails to properly spot a client performing heavy incline dumbbell presses and the client injures himself. What type of negligence is this an example of

Answer 117

Omission

Question 118

If your client consumed 2100 kilocalories per day for one week and burned 2600 kilocalories for the same week, how much weight would they lose assuming normal hydration

Answer 118

1 lb

Question 119

A client at your fitness center complains of a headache and seems disoriented. He appears ashen and has cold, moist skin. You know he has type 1 diabetes, what do you administer as medical treatment

Answer 119

Sugar

Question 120

A food product has 250 calories per serving, a recommended serving size of 5oz and 10 servings per container. How many kilocalories would one consume if she ate 1/4 of the container

Answer 120

625

Question 121

What location is the most sensitive to baroreceptor reflex when palpating the pulse of a client

Answer 121

Carotid artery

Question 122

What is the correct sequence of events when starting the process for exercise prescription for a new client

Answer 122

``` Obtain medical history Risk factor assessment Fitness tests Interpret data Prescribe exercise ```

Question 123

Info about the personal habits of a client including alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco consumption are typically included in what document

Answer 123

Medical history

Question 124

Client pre-participation screening should be ________

Answer 124

Valid, cost effective, and time efficient

Question 125

Which of the following is a limiting factor when using body mass index to determine obesity and disease risk

Answer 125

Fat and lean tissue weights are not differentiated

Question 126

What is the correct spotting technique for the barbell flat bench press

Answer 126

Keep your hands close to the bar without touching it

Question 127

How often should a client be drinking when exercising outside in 90 degree weather at a moderate intensity

Answer 127

Once every 15 minutes

Question 128

What is the circumference site used to compute waist to hip ratios

Answer 128

Waist, hip, buttock

Question 129

What exercises should be avoided for a person suffering from shoulder impingement

Answer 129

Overhead press

Question 130

The PT analysis of posture and body alignment should be made from which three different positions

Answer 130

Anterior Posterior Lateral from both sides

Question 131

Describe the technique used in PNF proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Answer 131

A contract-relax sequence to relax the muscle stretch reflex mechanism