Health and lifestyle Flashcards
What does bacteria live on and make?
Bacteria live on the fibre in your diet in the large intestine and makes important vitamins (eg. vitamin K)
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are special proteins that can break down large molecules into small molecules.
What are the 3 main types of enzymes?
Carbohydrase- digests sugar. Protease- digests amino acids. Lipase- fatty acids and glycerol.
Name 3 nutrients:
Acceptable answers: Carbohydrates: main source of energy. Lipids: fats and oils provide energy. Proteins: growth and repair of cells and tissues. Vitamins and minerals: essential in small amounts to keep you healthy. Water: needed in all cells and body fluids. Fibre: provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut (not an actual nutrient).
How do you test for starch?
Add a few drops of iodine to a food solution. If it is blue or black= starch.
How do you test for lipids?
Add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution, shake it, leave for one minute. Then pour the ethanol into a test tube of water. If the solution turns cloudy= lipids.
How do you test for sugar?
Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution in a water bath. If it turns orange/ red= sugar.
How do you test for Protein?
Add a few drops of copper solution and sodium hydroxide. If it turns purple= protein.
Effects of an unhealthy diet?
Underweight: poor immune system, lack of energy, lack of vitamins and minerals. Overweight: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers. Vitamins and mineral deficient: Vitamin A- night blindness and Vitamin D- lead to rickets.
What are the two types of drugs, why they are used and examples?
Medical drugs: used in medicine and treatments: painkillers. Recreational drugs: can be harmful/ illegal: alcohol and cocaine.
What is alcohol?
Alcohol is a depressant because it slows down your bodies reaction.
Cigarette smoke is full of many harmful chemicals list some and the harm they cause.
Possible answers: Tar- clogs the lining of the lungs and alveoli, contains cancer causing chemicals. Nicotine- an addictive stimulant. Carbon monoxide- stops blood from carrying oxygen.
What is addiction?
Addiction is when your body becomes used to chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal.
