Health and safety Flashcards

Question

What are worker duties under CDM 2015?

Answer 1

Workers must: * be consulted about matters which affect their health, safety and welfare * take care of their own health and safety, and of others who might be affected by their actions * report anything they see which is likely to endanger either their own or others’ health and safety cooperate with their employer, fellow workers, contractors and other dutyholders

Answer 2

* Structural simplification of the regulations to make them easier to understand. * The replacement of the Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) with more targeted guidance. * Replacement of the role of CDM coordinator with a new role of ‘principal designer’. * Splitting competence assessment into its component parts of skills, knowledge, training and experience, and, if it relates to an organisation, organisational capability. * Removing the exemption for domestic clients, but passing their CDM duties to the contractor. * Changing the threshold for appointment of coordinators (principal contractors and principal designers), to require coordinators where there is more than one contractor. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) suggest that this will capture close to an additional 1 million projects a year, but that the requirements will be proportionate and little more work will be necessary. Some concern has been expressed about what constitutes more than one contractor, and how it is possible to know how many contractors may be needed.

Answer 3

A construction project is notifiable if the construction work is expected to: * last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers working at the same time at any point on the project or * exceed 500 person days

Answer 4

The client has the duty to notify a construction project. In practice however, the client may ask someone else to notify on their behalf.

Answer 5

F10 - Notification of construction project * You can notify the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of a notifiable construction project using online form F10. * You must know the contact details for the client, principal designer and principal contractor. * Once you have submitted a notification, we will send you a unique serial number which you can use to access or edit your notification.

Answer 6

* a systematic process of evaluating the potential risks that may be involved in a projected activity or undertaking.

Answer 7

Method statements are documents that detail exactly how to carry out work safely.

Answer 8

RAMS are Risk Assessments and Method Statements

Answer 9

* Health and Safety Executive HSE * HSE is the national independent regulator for work-related health, safety and illness, working in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury in the workplace. It is a non-departmental public body (NDPB) reporting to the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). It is governed by a Board and the Senior Management Team. * HSE’s role now includes shaping, reviewing and enforcing regulations and producing research and statistics

Answer 10

As a regulator, the HSE aim to prevent workplace death, injury or ill health by using a variety of methods to influence change and help people manage risks at work. These include: * providing advice, information and guidance * raising awareness in workplaces by influencing and engaging * operating permissioning and licensing activities in major hazard industries * carrying out targeted inspections and investigations * taking enforcement action to prevent harm and hold those who break the law to account

Answer 11

Records are important because they allow links to be made between exposure and any health effects. Health records, or a copy, should be kept in a suitable form for at least 40 years from the date of last entry because often there is a long period between exposure and onset of ill health.

Answer 12

* Under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) a construction phase plan is required for every construction project. * A Construction Phase Plan is a key document that details the health and safety risks associated with the construction phase of the project and the control measures that will be implemented to minimise risks or where possible, eliminate them. * Once drawn up, the document should help communicate significant risks, site rules and health and safety arrangements to other people involved in the construction phase. *

Answer 13

COSHH stands for 'Control of Substances Hazardous to Health'. COSHH is a set of regulations put in place to protect workers from ill health when working with specific substances and materials.

Answer 14

COSHH is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. You can prevent or reduce workers exposure to hazardous substances by: * finding out what the health hazards are; * deciding how to prevent harm to health (risk assessment); * providing control measures to reduce harm to health; * making sure they are used ; * keeping all control measures in good working order; * providing information, instruction and training for employees and others; * providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases; * planning for emergencies.

Answer 15

Corporate manslaughter is a criminal offence where a business or organisation is found to have caused a person's death.

Answer 16

* The Considerate Constructors Scheme is a not-for-profit, independent organisation founded to raise standards in the construction industry. * Construction sites, companies and suppliers voluntarily register with the Scheme and agree to abide by the Code of Considerate Practice, designed to encourage best practice beyond statutory requirements. ## Footnote **Aim: To raise construction standards**

Answer 17

breathing hazardous dust and fumes

Answer 18

* covid-19 * manual handling * impact of site traffic movements

Answer 19

Construction Skills Certification Scheme * CSCS cards provide proof that individuals working on construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications for the job they do on site. By ensuring the workforce are appropriately qualified the card plays its part in improving standards and safety on UK construction sites. * Holding a CSCS card is not a legislative requirement. It is entirely up to the principal contractor or client whether workers are required to hold a card before they are allowed on site. However, most principal contractors and major house builders require construction workers on their sites to hold a valid car

Answer 20

* Personal protective equipment * PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses. It also includes respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

Answer 21

* Making the workplace safe includes providing instructions, procedures, training and supervision to encourage people to work safely and responsibly. * Even where engineering controls and safe systems of work have been applied, some hazards might remain. These include injuries to: * the lungs, eg from breathing in contaminated air * the head and feet, eg from falling materials * the eyes, eg from flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids * the skin, eg from contact with corrosive materials * the body, eg from extremes of heat or cold * PPE is needed in these cases to reduce the risk.

Answer 22

The accident should be reported by the responsible person to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Answer 23

If inspectors believe that your work activities give rise to a risk of serious personal injury, they may issue you with a prohibition notice. The prohibition notice normally requires you to stop that activity straight away. You must not resume the activity until you have taken action to remove or control the risk.

Answer 24

* Assess the situation – do not put yourself in danger * Raise the alarm and call for help

Answer 25

I would follow Mace Working with Asbestos Guidance’ * Stop work immediately * Leave affected area * Prevent others entering area * Contain / seal of affected area * Put signage in place to warn others * Contact Mace H&S department * Carry out asbestos risk assessment * Consult existing records * Arrange for specialist to carry out sampling of ACM and air monitoring * Arrange for specialist contractor to remove

Answer 26

There are several sets of health and safety legislation that directly or indirectly place duties on employers in relation to asbestos. The main pieces of general legislation are listed below: * The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 19749 - (HSWA) (Section 2)requires an employer to conduct their work in such a way that their employees will not be exposed to health and safety risks, and to provide information to other people about their workplace which might affect their health and safety. Section 3 of HSWA contains general duties on employers and the self-employed in respect of people other than their own employees. Section 4 contains general duties for anyone who has control, to any extent, over a workplace. * The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 199910 require employers and self-employed people to make an assessment of the risks to the health and safety of themselves, their employees, and people not in their employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct of their business and to make appropriate arrangements for protecting those people’s health and safety. * The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CDM)11 require the client to pass on information about the state or condition of any premises (including the presence of hazardous materials such as asbestos) to the planning supervisor before any work begins and to ensure that the health and safety file is available for inspection by anyone who needs the information. There are two sets of specific health and safety regulations that directly apply to work with asbestos. These are: * The Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002; * The Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 (as amended) (ASLIC).

Answer 27

* Chrysotile (white asbestos) is the most commonly used form of asbestos. It can be found today in the roofs, ceilings, walls and floors of homes and businesses. * Amosite (brown asbestos) was used most frequently in cement sheets and pipe insulation. It can also be found in insulating board, ceiling tiles and thermal insulation products. * Crocidolite (blue asbestos) was commonly used to insulate steam engines. It was also used in some spray-on coatings, pipe insulation, plastics and cement products.

Answer 28

* Management survey * Refurbishment / demolition survey

Answer 29

Asbestos Containing Materials

Answer 30

The Management Survey purpose is required to manage ACM during the normal occupation and use of premises. The duty-holder can make a Management Survey where the premises are simple and straightforward. Otherwise, a surveyor is needed. A Management Survey aims to ensure that: * nobody is harmed by the continuing presence of ACM in the premises or equipment * that the ACM remain in good condition * that nobody disturbs it accidentally The Survey must locate ACM that could be damaged or disturbed by normal activities, by foreseeable maintenance, or by installing new equipment. It involves minor intrusion and minor asbestos disturbance to make a Materials Assessment. This shows the ability of ACM, if disturbed, to release fibres into the air. It guides the client, eg in prioritising any remedial work.

Answer 31

The Refurbishment / demolition Survey is required where the premises, or part of it, need upgrading, refurbishment or demolition. The Survey does not need a record of the ACM condition. Normally, a surveyor is needed for Refurbishment / demolition Surveys. A Refurbishment / demolition Survey aims to ensure that: 1. nobody will be harmed by work on ACM in the premises or equipment 2. such work will be done by the right contractor in the right way The Survey must locate and identify all ACM before any structural work begins at a stated location or on stated equipment at the premises. It involves destructive inspection and asbestos disturbance. The area surveyed must be vacated, and certified 'fit for reoccupation' after the survey.

Answer 32

* cement (gutter, downpipes) * corrugated roofs * floor tiles * ceiling tiles * insulated boards

Answer 33

Before arranging for any work to be done you should start by writing an 'asbestos management plan'. This should include: * who is responsible for managing asbestos; * the asbestos register you have just made; * plans for work on asbestos materials; * the schedule for monitoring the materials' condition; and * telling people about your decisions. The plan must say who is responsible for what. It can be written or held as a computer based record. Make it easy to read and easy to find when you, or anyone else, needs it. It must be easy to update.

Answer 34

* remove * managed * encapsulate

Answer 35

Your business must have a health and safety policy, and if you have fewer than five employees, you don’t have to write anything down. Most businesses set out their policy in three sections: * The statement of general policy on health and safety at work sets out your commitment to managing health and safety effectively, and what you want to achieve * The responsibility section sets out who is responsible for specific actions * The arrangements section contains the detail of what you are going to do in practice to achieve the aims set out in your statement of health and safety policy

Answer 36

1. The Health and Safety at Work Etc Act - not exactly a regulation, but the act under which specific health and safety regulations are formed. 2. The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations - known as CDM, these construction-specific regulations apply to every project no matter how big or small. 3. The Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations - every workplace needs first aid cover, but because construction is higher risk, first aid requirements are higher too. 4. The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations - PPE is important in all workplaces, it's your last line of defence against a hazard. PPE is a legal requirement under these regulations. 5. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations - construction sites aren't the only places you will find lifting and carrying, but they are certainly somewhere you need to think LITE. 6. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) - reporting injuries is a legal requirement in every industry, including construction. 7. The Electricity at Work Regulations - construction work is where electrical systems get installed, maintained and updated. And there's a set of regulations for that. 8. The Gas Safety Regulations - if you're working on gas, you need to know about gas safety. It's the law. 9. The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations - drills, saws, sanders, compactors, pumps, machinery. All vibration exposure needs to be within the legal limits of the control of vibration regulations. 10. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations - too much noise is bad for you, so if you're carrying out noisy work on your site, check the noise action levels and legal limits. 11. The Health & Safety Signs and Signals Regulations - you'll find different types of signs on construction sites, warning you of dangers and telling you what to do. 12. The Confined Spaces Regulations - confined spaces are dangerous places, and you might find yourself needing to work in one on a construction site. If you do, the confined spaces regulations will apply. 13. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations - often shortened to PUWER, these regulations require that equipment is safe, suitable, maintained, inspected and installed correctly. 14. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations - often shortened to LOLER, all lifting operations involving lifting equipment must use suitable equipment, be properly planned, appropriately supervised and carried out safely. 15. The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations - this set of regulations apply to every workplace, and every employer, requiring work to be planned, risk assessed, organised and controlled. 16. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order - fire safely laws apply to every workplace, including construction sites. Here are 13 fire prevention tips to get you started. 17. The Control of Asbestos Regulations - asbestos is constructions biggest killer, and while asbestos use is now banned, asbestos can still be found in buildings across the UK. Training, surveys and safe removal are all legal requirements. 18. The Control of Lead at Work Regulations - lead is another hazardous material found on construction sites that has its own legal requirements. 19. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations - not every hazardous material has its own regulations, but many hazardous substances are covered in this set of regulations, known as COSHH. 20. The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations - known as DSEAR, these regulations place legal duties on employers and the self-employed to protect people from risks of fire, explosion and corrosion. 21. The Working at Height Regulations - these regulations cover work at height which includes work or access to any place above or below ground level where a fall could cause injury. 22. The Hazardous Waste Regulations - health and safety regulations don't just apply to your work on the site, you also need to make sure your waste does not cause harm or damage. 23. The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations - machinery supplied in the UK must meet health and safety requirements and, where necessary, be examined by an approved body. These regulations also cover CE marking. 24. Ionising Radiations Regulations - construction workers can be exposed to ionising radiation from both natural (radon in soil) and manmade sources (industrial radiography, work at power plants etc). 25. The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act - while this isn't a regulation, this law means that companies can be found guilty of corporate manslaughter as a result of a gross breach of a duty of care.

Answer 37

* The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that as of 2011 defines the fundamental structure and authority for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare within the United Kingdom * It sets out the general duties which: * employers have towards employees and members of the public * employees have to themselves and to each other * certain self-employed have towards themselves and others

Answer 38

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999 require employers to put in place arrangements to control health and safety risks. As a minimum, you should have the processes and procedures required to meet the legal requirements,

Answer 39

* **Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations** * From 1 October 2013 the revised Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR 2013) come into force. * RIDDOR is the law that requires employers, and other people in charge of work premises, to report and keep records of: * work-related accidents which cause deaths * work-related accidents which cause certain serious injuries (reportable injuries) * diagnosed cases of certain industrial diseases; and * certain ‘dangerous occurrences’ (incidents with the potential to cause harm) * This leaflet identifies what is required from employers and provides updated information about RIDDOR.

Answer 40

You must keep a record of any reportable injury, over-seven day injury, disease or dangerous occurrence.

Answer 41

* The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 place a duty on employers within Great Britain to reduce the risk to their employees health by controlling the noise they are exposed to whilst at work * The aim of the Noise Regulations is to ensure that workers' hearing is protected from excessive noise at their place of work, which could cause them to lose their hearing and/or to suffer from tinnitus (permanent ringing in the ears).

Answer 42

1. guidance note

Answer 43

Individual responsibilities include: * 1. Performance - Being competent to perform their work safely (including understanding the limits of their competence (skills, knowledge, and experience)) * 2. Control - Able and prepared to work within accepted or designated systems of work * 3. Adaptability - Able to recognise and adapt to changing circumstances at all times * 4. Vigilance - Remaining vigilant, at all times, for their own safety and that of colleagues and others * 5. Awareness - Able to recognise their own abilities and limitations * 6. Teamwork - Being an effective member of a team

Answer 44

Organisational responsibilities include: * 1. Everyone having, or being capable of developing, the job skills and competence to meet the demands of their work activities. * 2. Training Including providing knowledge about the potential hazards in a working environment * 3. Providing staff with information about the risks and control measures associated with their working environment. This information may be generic in nature or it may relate to specific sites. * 4. Providing staff with equipment that is suitable for the purposes for which it is intended, and everyone understanding its use and limitations * 5. Safe system of work - These ensure that work activities are undertaken safely. * 6. Individuals must receive clear instructions, and receive supervision and expert support where necessary, relating to: * The work activities required * The operation of any equipment * Appropriate safe systems of work * 7. Supervision - Supporting staff with clearly defined lines of communication * 8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Providing individuals with appropriate personal protective equipment that meets appropriate specifications.

Answer 45

A suitable and sufficient risk assessment must be carried out prior to a particular activity or task being carried out in order to eliminate, reduce or suitably control any associated risk to the health, safety and wellbeing of persons involved with (or affected by) the task/activity in question.

Answer 46

In line with Mace PPE minium standard it should be: * Safety helmet * Protective Eyewear * Protective gloves * Safety footwear * high visibility jacket or vest

Answer 47

* RICS considers the concept of a ‘safe person’ to mean that each individual assumes individual behavioural responsibility for their own, their colleagues’ and others’ health and safety while at work.

Answer 48

What is hierarchy of risk control (for Surveying safety) 1. Elimination 2. Subtition 3. Engineering control - Use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls where you cannot avoid working at height. 4. Administrative control – identification and implementation of processes to carry out work safety 5. PPE

Answer 49

The principal designer has responsibility for co-ordination of health and safety during the pre-construction phase. The reason for the change is to give responsibility for CDM during the design phase to an individual that has the ability to influence the design.

Answer 50

* -Ensuring they have the necessary skills, knowledge and experience. * -Not commencing work unless they are satisfied that the client is aware of their duties under the regulations. * * -Cooperating with others involved with the project or any project on an adjoining site. * -Reporting instances where they or others are working in a way that puts them or anyone else in danger. * -Providing information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties. * -Taking account of the general principles of prevention and the pre-construction information, with the aim of eliminating foreseeable risks. Where this is not possible, taking steps to reduce the risks or control them through the design process, and providing information about the remaining risks to other dutyholders. * -Where it is not possible to eliminate health and safety risks when preparing or modifying designs, designers must ensure appropriate information is included in the health and safety file about the reasonably practicable steps they have taken to reduce or control those risks. * -Agreeing with the principal designer the arrangements for the sharing of information to avoid omissions or duplicated effort. * -Ensuring that any information they provide is easy to understand and provided in good time.

Answer 51

The HSE carry out inspections and investigations into breaches of H and S. They take enforcement action to prevent harm and hold those who break the law to account. Other duties are to raise awareness, provide advice, operate permissioning and licencing.

Answer 52

Yes, Surveying Safely

Answer 53

1. Personal and Corporate responsibilities. 2. Legal Considerations and duties. 3. Assessing Hazards and risks. 4. Occupational Health. 5. Visit premises and sites. 6. Procurement and Management of contractors and construction work

Answer 54

1. Carry out a pre-assessment of the likely hazards on the site. 2. Consider how you are going to travel to and from the site. 3. Take the appropriate PPE 4. Tell others you are going to site and the likely time you will return. 5. Assess the condition of the site, if unsafe do not enter. 6. Assess if the site is occupied, if so you may have to inform them of your visit. 7. Is there the likeliness of any Dangerous substances, COSHH etc. 8. Only enter if there is no risk to your safety and wellbeing.

Answer 55

* Provide pre–construction information to designers. * Appoint PD and PC with suitable Skills, Knowledge and Experience and ensure they comply with their duties. * Ensure Construction Phase HandS Plan in place prior to works staring. * Retain Health & Safety File.

Answer 56

- Emergency procedures - PPE - Restricted areas - Accident reporting - Site layout - Site welfare facilities - Details on key personnel

Answer 57

In my role I need to fulfil the designers’ duties and eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during construction and Provide information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties.

Answer 58

If an RICS member is required to visit premises or construction sites (including refurbishment and demolition), they could be: • exposed to excess noise or vibration • exposed to toxic/hazardous materials • required to drive for extended periods • lone working • working close to vehicles Other risks: * Working at height. * • First aid. * • Fire safety. * • Use of mobile and desktop work equipment, including * technology tools. * • Substances and chemicals. * • Manual handling and MSDs. * • Work-related stress. * • Asbestos. * • Management of water systems. * • Use of lifting equipment and work machinery. * • Driving at work and management of transport systems.

Answer 59

The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER or LOLER regulations) place duties on people and companies who own, operate or have control over lifting equipment. This includes all businesses and organisations whose employees use lifting equipment, whether owned by them or not. In most cases, lifting equipment is also work equipment so the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) will also apply (including inspection and maintenance). All lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner.

Answer 60

* The Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989, requires employers to either display the HSE-approved law poster *

Answer 61

* Health and Safety law poster * Insurance certificates * Fire and emergency plan * F10 for notifiable projects * Site Contacts

Answer 62

There was a big singed saying NoticeBoard with no actual contents or information on displey.

Answer 63

In line with the Client Accidents and Dangerour situation procees for 'less serious incident' the issue was rasied to the PM and email issued to the Client , then it was dealt with by the Client#s Safety team. As the incident was minimal the local investigation was undertaken.

Answer 64

* site induction * Pre-Construction Information in line with CDM regulation

Answer 65

I would follow the ACCIDENTS, INCIDENTS AND DANGEROUS SITUATIONS process: 1. Assess the issue 2. Serious/ Less serious 3. Inform PM an Site Manager then Client's safety team would deal with the issue

Answer 66

* working form home as much as possible * site visit in line with covid guidance (2m distance, using one way system, covid test on entry) visiting site and client’s office only when absolutely necessary) * online meetings instead of face to face meetings * covid risk assessment

Answer 67

Mace initiative to give the opportunity for the Directors to engage with junior staff and check the site safety. It would include the site induction, walk around the site and then issuing short report to the direct regarding both negative and positive observation with regards to health and safety during the visit.

Answer 68

Making the workplace safe includes providing instructions, procedures, training and supervision to encourage people to work safely and responsibly. Even where engineering controls and safe systems of work have been applied, some hazards might remain. These include injuries to: * the lungs, eg from breathing in contaminated air * the head and feet, eg from falling materials * the eyes, eg from flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids * the skin, eg from contact with corrosive materials * the body, eg from extremes of heat or cold PPE is needed in these cases to reduce the risk.

Health and safety Flashcards

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