Health and social care Human lifespan development

Question 1

What is the age range and features associated with birth and infancy?

Answer 1

0-2 years. Infants rapidly grow reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are two years old. At around one year old infants can walk and by two years age they can run.

Question 2

What is the age range and features associated with early childhood?

Answer 2

3-8 years. Children continue to grow at a steady pace. They continue to develop strength and coordination.

Question 3

What is the age range and features associated with adolescence?

Answer 3

9-18 years. Adolescence experience growth spurts. They develop sexual characteristics during puberty.

Question 4

What is the age range and features associated with early adulthood?

Answer 4

19-45. Young adults reach the peak of their physical fitness.

Question 5

What is the age rang and features associated with middle adulthood?

Answer 5

46-65. The ageing process begins with some loss of strength and stamina. Women go through menopause.

Question 6

What is the age range and features associated with later adulthood?

Answer 6

65 years onwards. The ageing process continues with gradual loss of mobility. Older adults will experience a loss of height up to a few centimeters.

Question 7

What is Human Growth?

Answer 7

Growth is an increase in a measurable quantity such as height or weight or other dimensions.

Question 8

What is human development?

Answer 8

Development is about the complex changes in skills and capabilities that an individual experiences as they grow.

Question 9

What are developmental norms?

Answer 9

The average set of expectations for a child’s development, however it is important to remember that each child is unique.

Question 10

What is delayed development?

Answer 10

When a baby or child does not show development within the expected time range.

Question 11

What is a life course?

Answer 11

A map of what is expected to happen at the various stages of the human life cycle. In today’s modern world biology no longer dictates our life course and huge variety is now found.

Question 12

What is life span?

Answer 12

An estimate of the number of yeas a person is expected to live. It is also the length of time between a person’s birth and death. In relation life course is the things that happen in between.

Question 13

what is a process of growth?

Answer 13

As height increases, so does weight.

Question 14

Features of growth?

Answer 14

Though growth is continuous, the rate is not smooth. There can be periods of more rapid growth in infancy and again during puberty which means there can be quite a difference between the rates of two people the same age.

Question 15

Is the growth rate of boys and girls the same?

Answer 15

No.

Question 16

Why is it also important to consider weight, length/height when thinking growth rates?

Answer 16

Growth rate vary in different parts of the body, for example head circumference which grows more rapidly in the first months of life.

Question 17

How does a healthy newborn grow?

Answer 17

A healthy newborn doubles their weight by four to five months, and triple it by the time they reach a year old. By the age of two, a healthy infant will be approximately half their adult height.

Question 18

Why are growth measurements with new born babies good?

Answer 18

They help a health visitor to monitor a child’s health development, they can also identify if an infant is under or overweight or growing too slowly.

Question 19

What does development describe?

Answer 19

Development describes changes that might be complex and involve ability levels altering.

Question 20

What is the first way development happens?

Answer 20

From head to toe-an infant will first be able to control their head than develop control over their body to enable to sit and finally have control over their legs and feet to allow them to crawl and eventually walk.

Question 21

What is the second way development happens?

Answer 21

From the inside to the outside-an infant learns to control movements in their body first then in their arms and legs until, finally, they can control the small muscles in their fingers in the same sequence but at different rates.

Question 22

The last way development occurs?

Answer 22

Holistically- areas of development are dependent on and influence each other.

Question 23

What are the four main areas of skills acquisition?

Answer 23

Physical-fine and gross motor skills, Intellectual development and language skills, Emotional development, social development.

Question 24

What is important to remember about PIES?

Answer 24

One developmental aspect cannot be assessed without looking at the other aspects for example, the development of a child’s social skills is dependent upon the dependent on the development of their intellectual and language skills.

Question 25

What developmental norms?

Answer 25

A description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child’s development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone.

Question 26

What are milestones?

Answer 26

An ability achieved by most children by a certain age. It can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills, for example walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognising familiar sounds and talking.

Question 27

What are gross motor skills?

Answer 27

Gross motor skills are large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body which are required for mobility, for example rolling over.

Question 28

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 28

Involve smaller movements that require more precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles, for example picking up a pencil.

Question 29

What are the gross motor skills that an infant has ?

Answer 29

Primitive reflexes.

Question 30

What are the fine motor skills that an infant has?

Answer 30

Holds their thumb tucked into their hand.

Question 31

1 month gross motor skills present?

Answer 31

Lifts chin, some control of head.

Question 32

1 month fine motor skills present?

Answer 32

Opens hands to grasp finger.

Question 33

3 months gross motor skills present?

Answer 33

Can lift their head and chest when lying on front.

Question 34

3 months fine motor skills present?

Answer 34

Can briefly grasp a rattle.

Question 35

6 months gross motor skills present?

Answer 35

Rolls over, can sit up for a short time without support, kicks legs when held up.

Question 36

6 months fine motor skills present?

Answer 36

Moves object from hand to the other hand, can pick up dropped toys if they are in sight.

Question 37

9-10 months gross motor skills present?

Answer 37

Crawls, begins to cruise (walking while holding onto objects)

Question 38

9-10 months fine motor skills present?

Answer 38

Uses fingers and thumb to hold small objects.

Question 39

12-13 months gross motor skills present?

Answer 39

Stands alone. Can walk without support.

Question 40

12-13 months fine motor skills present?

Answer 40

Manipulates and places toys.

Question 41

18 months gross motor skills present?

Answer 41

Climbs onto furniture.

Question 42

18 months fine motor skills present?

Answer 42

Builds a short tower with blocks.

Question 43

2 year gross motor skills present?

Answer 43

Propels sit-on toys with their feet, throws a large ball

Question 44

2 years fine motor skills present?

Answer 44

Draws lines and circles, turns a page.