Health and social (year 1) Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
What are the 5 life stages and the ages?
A
infancy 0-2 years
childhood 3-10 years
adolescence 11-19 years
adulthood 20-64 years
later adulthood 65+
2
Q
What does holistic mean ?
A
‘the whole person’
3
Q
Whats the definition of a milestone ?
A
Growth and development that is expected in each stage of an individuals life.
4
Q
what does development mean?
A
The emergence increase in a sophistication skills.
5
Q
Whats the 4 main areas of development ?
A
Physical
intellectual
emotional
social
(P.I.E.S)
6
Q
Whats the difference in gross motor skills and fine motor skills ?
A
gross motor skills uses large muscles while fine motor skills are the use of small muscles
7
Q
what is the physical development in which this definition explains? ‘ a framework of bones and tissues that hold the body together’
A
skeletal system
8
Q
Changes, immune system, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, skeletal system and physical strength; are examples of what type of development ?
A
physical aspects of development
9
Q
what are 3 things intellectual development covers ?
A
skills, memory and languages
10
Q
What are the 4 stages of piagets theory with ages ?
A
sensorimotor (0-2 years)
pre-operational (3-7 years)
concrete operational (7-11 years)
formal operational (12+ years)
11
Q
In what stage can mental maths be done in piagets theory?
A
formal operational
12
Q
‘objects and events happen separately’ is in what stage of piagets theory?
A
sensorimotor
13
Q
A child has no past memory therefore doesn’t understand the steps. Is part of what theory?
A
piagets theory
14
Q
Talking to toys is a sign of what stage in piagets theory?
A
pre operational
15
Q
what is the basis of kohlbergs theory ?
A
intellectual development and morals are related to each other
16
Q
What are morals ?
A
what is morally right and wrong
17
Q
What are the three stages of kohlbergs theory?
A
pre-conventional
coventional
post- conventional
18
Q
What stage of kohlburgs theory is linked to reward or punishments?
A
pre- conventional
19
Q
What is convectional morality?
A
whats right and wrong in society through laws and rules
20
Q
In post-conventional morality, what may people start to do?
A
question or challenge the rules and laws
21
Q
what are 3 ways people in later adulthood can stay active mentally?
A
Could have:
bingo, social groups, reading, newspaper and puzzles, charities, library, book clubs, day centres
22
Q
what stage is the rosa parks bus movement an example of?
A
post- conventional
23
Q
‘emotional and physical, living together dating, marriage ‘ is what kind of relationship ?
A
An intimate relationship
24
Q
describe friendship
A
close bonds, peers; like the same things in school or work.
25
what's a work relationship?
colleagues, managemnet or individuals accessing services
26
' control over you own life and a type of independence with making choices and self care' is the definition to what key word ?
Autonomy
27
what is self concept?
how you see yourself in a positive and negative way
28
What is self esteem?
opinion of yourself
29
what is self confidence?
to trust or believe in yourself enough to make decisions
30
What the difference between primary and secondary socialisation?
primary is the influence of people close to the child where as secondary is the wider influences within society
31
what are the 6 stages of play?
unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associate and cooperative
32
what is unoccupied play ?
moving arms and feet with out playing with others (automatic movement) -birth to 3 months
33
What is solitary play ?
Playing alone but with toys - 3 months to 2 years
34
what type of play is it when a child watches other children play ?
onlooker play - 2 and a half years to 3 and a half years
35
What happened when a chid is showing signs of parallel play ?
Play next to each other but do not interact - 2 to 3 years
36
What happens during associate play?
Children that play together but have different ideas and goals (3-5 years)
37
Children who play together towards a common goal is what type of play?
cooperative play (4-6 years.)
38
What 2 theorist are linked to attachment?
Bowlby and Ainsworth
39
what is john Bowlby's theory?
how love and affection is essential to a positive emotional and social development
40
'consistent love and affection which makes us feel secure; as sense of security. it supports positive self concept, self esteem and self confidence which can increase the likeliness pf positive, healthy relationships in adulthood' is a definition of what form of attachment?
secure attachment
41
define an insecure attachment
can be linked to inconsistent love and affection as well as abuse and neglect. can causes insecurity, low self esteem and low self confidence, may increase risk of unhealthy relationships on adulthood
42
What was the assessment Ainsworth did to observe attachment?
it called the stranger situation - a mother leaves the room while a stranger is present and then left the child in the room by themselves.
43
what are the 2 types of insecure attachment ?
avoidance and ambivalent
44
what is am avoidance attachment?
when they do not go to their caregiver for security as they do not expect their needs to be meet
45
Define the ambivalent attachment
when they become clingy and then they reject their caregiver- love and affection is inconsistent
46
what is a life factor?
things that happen within a lifetime
47
What is a lifestyle choice?
the way we choose to live our lives
48
What are life events?
specific events within our lifetime (e.g. marriage or divorce)
49
What is a living environment?
home and the environment
50
What does it mean to be employed vs unemployed ?
Employed means to be paid to work and unemployed means not having or being able to get job.
51
Does skilled work require specialist training and qualifications?
yes
52
Does semi-skilled work requires some level of specialist training and qualifications?
yes
53
Does unskilled work require any training or qualifications?
no
54
What is low income?
A small amount of money being earnt.
55
What are benefits?
money given to you for a specific reason
56
What is debt?
owing people money.
57
What is poverty?
Unable to meet basic needs.
58
Immunisations
Vaccines given to prevent diseases
59
Screening programmes
check for signs of risk to growth and development
60
Eye tests
Identify need for glasses and also diabetes and high blood pressure.
61
Dental services
Maintain good oral health and prevent tooth decay and avoid gum disease.
62
Early years services
Children day care, childminders, holiday play and youth schemes
63
Community support groups
Online or in person (mental health , refugee, family and relationship problems, addiction, death, lonely and crime)
64
Youth services
voluntary basis (youth clubs, activities, digital learning, career support and advice)
65
Day centres
For rough sleepers, older people and disabled adults. Access to food, clean clothes and washing facilities.
66
What does 'deprived' mean?
to be without/ lack of
67
' child immunisations and dental services support heath .....'
Growth
68
'activities provided by early year services and youth groups to provide support in all aspects of ...........'
Development
69
'...... screening programmes and regular eye tests can reduce the risk by detecting signs of diseases'
Health
70
What are the 8 types of families?
nuclear, extended, single parent, step family, foster, adopted, same-sex, childless.
71
What does it mean to have neglectful/uninvolved parents?
a style characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs
72
What is authoritative parenting style?
the parents are nurturing, responsible and supportive, yet set firm limits.
73
What is the authoritarian parenting style?
a strict style of parenting the places high expectations on a child.
74
What is indulgent/permissive parenting?
mostly let their children do what they want, and offer limited guidance or direction
75
What are the 6 kinds of abuse?
emotional, physical, sexual, verbal, coercive (control), financial
76
What is the difference between culture an race + ethnicity?
culture is about beliefs and tradition while race and ethnicity is to do with skin colour, nationality and geographical region
77
What does it mean to discriminate against someone?
To treat someone as less because of appearance or background.
78
What is identity?
who you are, the way you think about yourself, the way you are viewed by the world and characteristics.
78
What was burkes theory of personal relationships?
He believed that identity is not just about how we see ourselves but how we are viewed in society. we shape our identity based on how others treat us and interact with us as individuals.
79
What diagram is commonly used to represent a balanced diet?
The eatwell plate
80
What can influence or food choices?
role models
health
beliefs,values and religion
family/carer
social media
peer pressure
81
What is binge drinking?
the consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period
82
What is the recommended amount of units for a man and woman per week?
man - 21 units
woman - 14 units
83
What is alcohol abuse?
the habitual excessive use of alcohol
84
What is alcohol dependence?
a chronic disease in which a person craves drinks that contain alcohol and is unable to control their drinking
85
What is drug misuse?
The use of illegal drugs and the inappropriate use of legal substance such as alcohol and tobacco
86
What is the difference between class A and class c?
Class A drugs are treated as the most dangerous and include cocaine and heroin while class C drugs are anabloic sterois and minor tranquilisers
87
What are the new laws on disposable vapes?
There will be a ban of sale of sigle-use vapes from 1st june 2025
88
What is a negative impact on health when drinking
It can cause high blood pressure, increase risk of heart attacks or strokes.
89
What can influence the choice of smoking and drugs?
Family/carer
peer pressure
poverty
health
access
changes
90
What is a life event?
A significant experience that takes place in a individuals life
91
Give 3 examples of life events
becoming a carer
bereavement
becoming a parent
the birth of a sibling
leaving home/moving house
living together/civil partnership/marriage
divorce
92
how can further education increase an individuals growth and development?
- continuing activities such as sports and social events
- intellectual development through learning
-work independantly and part of a team
93
what is redundancy?
Its a form of dismissal where an employer ends an individuals employment because they need to reduce the number of workers in the organisation or close the business
94
what is an example of an informal heath support?
Neighbours, volunteers, family and friends, carer
95
what is an example of formal health support?
Gp
social worker
care worker
96
What are examples of health services?
the NHS
97
What is the definition of personal outcomes?
Goals that an individual wants to achieve based on what matters to them
98
What is resilience?
An ability to adapt well to adversity and unexpected challenges during life.
99
What is self concept ?
The way in which an individual evaluates or perceives themselves.
100
What are experiences that may affect self concept?
income, life experiences, education and social media
101
What parts of your identity affects self concept?
Appearance,age, culture, gender and sexual orientation
102
How can social media negatively affect self concept?
- trolls
-bullying
-offensive comments
-lack of confidence
103
how can social media positively affect on self concept?
-share information
-share likes and dislikes
-connect with people
-sense of belonging
104
How can educational experiences positively affect self concept?
-resilience
-needs met
-good teachers
-friendships
-academic achievements
105
How can educational experiences negatively affect self concept?
-truancy
-poor relationships with peers
-bullying
-needs not met
-exclusion
106
how can culture acceptance be positive for self concept?
-boost self confidence,image and esteem
-promotes inclusion and sense of belonging
-respect,value and interest creates support and helps them celebrate
107
How can culture discrimination be negative for self concept?
-stereotyping
-lack of understanding for traditions, culture values and beliefs
-disrespect, abuse or lack of interest can cause social exclusion
108
what is gender?
gender includes the social, psychological,cultural and behavioural aspects
109
what is sexual orientation?
traditionally defined as including heterosexuality, bisexual and homosexual
110
how can gender and sexual orientation acceptance boost or self concept?
-feel valued
-promotes trust and resilience
-feeling safe
-trusting others
-achieving personal goals
111
How can not being accepted for gender and sexual orientation be negative?
-fear of rejection
-trauma
-discrimination
-hate crime
-low self esteem
-trust issues
112
what is unconscious bias?
It is when we make judgements or decisions on the bias of our prior experiences, our own personal thoughts and assumptions but not being aware we are doing it
113
How can unconscious bias be a positive thing in work spaces?
-working as a team
-making friends
-feeling valued
- healthy work environment
-achieve goals
114
How can unconscious bias be a negative thing in work spaces?
-fear of rejection
-low self esteem
-trust issues
-lack of resilience
-divided
115
what is the definition of health?
A state of complete physical,mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
116
what is a disease?
a disorder usually with specific signs or symptoms
117
What is illness?
a feeling of ill health that is entirely personal to the individual
118
What is well being?
the state of being happy, healthy and thriving, with good mental heaths and sense of purpose
119
What does the holistic view refer to ?
aspects of an individuals life that cant be understood separately and the whole person has to be acknowledged.
120
what is a physical indicator?
it measures a aspects of an individual life.
121
How do we measure blood pressure?
using a blood pressure monitor on our upper arm
122
Why do we measure blood pressure?
reduce risk for heart disease and stroke
123
what is a healthy range for blood pressure?
between 90/60 and 120/80mmHg
124
How do we measure peak flow?
breathing hard onto the peak flow meter
125
Why do we measure peak flow?
indicate whether airways are narrow
126
What is a healthy range for peak flow?
400-700 litres per minute
127
how do we calculate body mass index?
By putting height and weight into a bmi calculator
128
why do we measure bmi?
to measure if an individual is overweight or obese
129
what is an healthy BMI range?
18.5-24.9
130
how do we measure waist:hip ratio?
use a tape measure to measure around an individual waist and hips
131
Why do we measure hip:waist ratio?
measure obesity or serious health conditions
132
What is a healthy range for waist:hip ratio?
men = 0.95 or lower
women = 0.8 or lower
133
How do we measure resting pulse rate?
find the individuals pulse and count how many beats happen in 15 seconds.
134
Why do we measure resting pulse rate?
To find if an individuals heart is health and beats as it should
135
what is a healthy range for resting pulse rate?
60 to 100 beats per minute
136
What are contributing factors for physical indicator results?
age, environment, lifestyle and sex
137
what is a definition of heath campaigns?
raise awareness of health and wellbeing issues to increase an individuals positive lifestyle choice
138
139
Name a few ways to promote health and wellbeing
leaflets, websites, adverts, social media, included in soap opera stories or guest speakers
140
what are 3 ways that you can help support individuals
raise awareness
educate and advise
encourage
141
What are the challenges with anti-biotic awareness campaigns?
-Healthcare profession feel pressured into giving prescriptions
-Individuals sometimes save and share meds
-Prescriptions medication can be brought online
142
What are the challenges with anti-smoking campaigns?
-Nicotine is highly addictive
-Peer pressures can influence the decision to smoke
-Vaping has been introduced to non-smokers
143
Give 3 examples of health and wellbeing campaigns
Dry January, Movember, Stoptober
