Health Appraisal and Risk Assessment

Question 1

Exercise

Answer 1

A type of physical activity consisting of planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

Question 2

Physical Fitness

Answer 2

A set of attributes or characteristics individuals have or achieve that relates to their ability to preform physical activity.

Question 3

What are the two components of physical fitness?

Answer 3

Health-related and Skill-related

Question 4

What are the Health-related physical fitness components? (5)

Answer 4

Cardiorespiratory endurance
Body composition
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility

Question 5

What are the Skill-related physical fitness components? (6)

Answer 5

Agility
Coordination
Balance
Power
Reaction time
Speed

Question 6

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 6

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity

Question 7

Body composition

Answer 7

The relative amounts of: Muscle, Fat, Bone, and other vital parts of the body.

Question 8

Muscular strength

Answer 8

The ability of muscle to exert force

Question 9

Muscular endurance

Answer 9

The ability of muscle to continue to preform without fatigue

Question 10

Flexibility

Answer 10

Range of motion available at a joint

Question 11

Agility

Answer 11

The ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy

Question 12

Coordination

Answer 12

The ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately

Question 13

Balance

Answer 13

The maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

Question 14

Power

Answer 14

The ability or rate at which one can preform work

Question 15

Reaction time

Answer 15

The time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it

Question 16

Speed

Answer 16

The ability to preform a movement within a short period of time

Question 17

Common methods for quantifying relative intensity of physical activity (5)

Answer 17

Specifying the percentage of:
Oxygen uptake (VO2R)
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
Heart rate reserve (HRR)
Heart rate (HR)
Metabolic equivalents (METs)

Question 18

Metabolic equivalents intensity classification (3)

Answer 18

Intense >5.9 METs
Moderate 3.1 - 5.9
Light

Question 19

Physical Activity

Answer 19

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of the skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure.

Question 20

The characteristic that indicates that some exercise is better than none and, up to a point, more is better than less.

Answer 20

Dose responsiveness

Question 21

What is more correlated to risk prevention, physical activity or physical fitness?

Answer 21

Physical fitness

Question 22

Health outcomes with high evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (5)

Answer 22

All cause mortality
Cardiorespiratory health
Weight loss
Joint health
Muscle health

Question 23

Health outcomes with moderate evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (6)

Answer 23

Metabolic health
Weight maintenance following weight loss
Bone health
Colon cancer
Breast cancer
Depression and distress

Question 24

Health outcomes with weak evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (4)

Answer 24

Weight maintenance
Anxiety
Cognitive health
Sleep

Question 25

Offitial ASCM-AHA primary physical activity recomendations (5)

Answer 25

Healthy adults aged 18–65 yr should participate in moderate intensity, aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on 5 d * wk or vigorous intensity, aerobic activity for a minimum of 20 min on 3 d * wk. Combinations of intensity are encouraged Moderate intensity aerobic activity can be done along the day with sessions of at least 10 minutes Muscular strength exercies at least 2 d * wk Greater amount of physical activity = lesser risks

Question 26

What is the level of risk of healthy individuals preforming moderate intensity physical activity?

Answer 26

Low risk of sudden cardiac arrest | Low risk of Myocardial infraction (MI)

Question 27

What are the general benefits of physical activity and/or exercise? (8)

Answer 27

Decreased anxiety and depression Improved cognitive function Enhanced physical function and independent living in older individuals Enhanced feelings of well-being Enhanced performance of work, recreational, and sport activities Reduced risk of falls and injuries from falls in older individuals Prevention or mitigation of functional limitations in older adults Effective therapy for many chronic diseases in older adults

Question 28

What are the main cardiovascular causes of exercise-related sudden death in young athletes? (3)

Answer 28

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (CM) Probable Hypertrophic CM Coronary anomalies

Question 29

What are the improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory funcions gained by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (7)

Answer 29

Increased maximal oxygen uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations Decreased minute ventilation at a given absolute submaximal intensity Decreased myocardial oxygen cost for a given absolute submaximal intensity Decreased heart rate and blood pressure at a given submaximal intensity Increased capillary density in skeletal muscle Increased exercise threshold for the accumulation of lactate in the blood Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs or symptoms (e.g., angina pectoris, ischemic ST-segment depression, claudication)

Question 30

What are the indicators of REDUCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (6)

Answer 30

Reduced resting systolic/diastolic pressure Increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased serum triglycerides Reduced total body fat, reduced intra-abdominal fat Reduced insulin needs, improved glucose tolerance Reduced blood platelet adhesiveness and aggregation Reduced inflammation

Question 31

What are the indicators of DECREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (2)

Answer 31

Primary prevention Lower death rates from coronary artery disease Lower incidence rates for CVD, CAD, stroke, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporotic fractures, cancer of the colon and breast, and gallbladder disease ``` Secondary prevention (i.e., interventions after a cardiac event to prevent another) Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality are reduced in patients with post-myocardial infarction (MI) who participate in cardiac rehabilitation exercise training, especially as a component of multifactorial risk factor reduction ```

Question 32

Why is Cardiac death or acute MI more prevalent in adults than in teenagers?

Answer 32

Higher prevalence of CVD