Health Ch 10

Question 0

pharmacology

Answer 0

the study of drugs

specialties: pharmacognosy, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics

Question 1

pharmacy

Answer 1

“pharmakon” greek; means medicine or drug

Question 2

sources of drugs

Answer 2

natural sources: plants and animals
microscopic organisms: bacteria, fungi, mold
synthetics and bioengineering

Question 3

pharmacognosy

Answer 3

The study of drugs that are naturally derived from plants or animals
Egyptians: 1st herbal medicine 1500 BC
Plants main source of medicine 1900s

Question 4

Penicilin

Answer 4

1928

Sir Alexander Fleming

Question 5

medicinal chemistry

Answer 5

modifies natural products by producing them synthetically or by creating new products based on natural products
injection=>oral, inhale, or topical
every 4 hours=> once a day
ex: aspirin; from bark, now synthetic
genetically altered bacteria produce drugs; used to be only from animals
1st drug: insulin

Question 6

pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 6

examines MOA
describes effects
what dose is needed for desired effect
what does produce toxic effect

Question 7

antagonists

Answer 7

blockers

Question 8

anabolic enzyme

Answer 8

play constructive role in body

Question 9

catabolic enzyme

Answer 9

play destructive role in body

Question 10

epinephrine

Answer 10

hormone

adrenaline

Question 11

Onset of Action

Answer 11

the time needed before a drug takes effect

Question 12

sublingual

Answer 12

tablet placed under the tongue
several minutes
when rapid effects are needed

Question 13

buccal

Answer 13

tablet placed in cheek
several minutes
when effects of digestion must be avoided

Question 14

rectal

Answer 14

suppository, cream, or ointment
15-30 min
for local effect or when client can’t take oral medication

Question 15

Transdermal patch

Answer 15

adhesive patch
30 to 60 minutes
when continuous absorption and systematic effects over may hours are needed
usually 24 hours

Question 16

subcataneous (SC)

Answer 16

drug injected into fatty layer beneath the skin
several minutes
when a drug would be inactivated by the gastrointestinal tract
needle 1/2 inch
no more than 1 mL given

Question 17

intramuscular (IM)

Answer 17

drug injected into a muscle
several minutes
when a drug is absorbed poorly and when high blood levels are desired
needle 1 to 1 1/2 inches
up to 3 mL

Question 18

intravenous (IV)

Answer 18

drug injected into the blood in a vein
within a minute
for emergency situations requiring immediate effects or for drugs that are rapidly destroyed in the body

Question 19

inhalation

Answer 19

drug inhaled into the nasal cavity or lungs
within 1 minute
for local effects within the respiratory tract

Question 20

topical

Answer 20

creams, ointments, lotions, drops
within 1 minute
for local effects on the skin, eye, or ear

Question 21

vaginal

Answer 21

suppositories, creams
15 to 30 minutes
for local effects

Question 22

metered-dose inhalers

Answer 22

used to deliver medications directly to the lungs

Question 23

pharmacokinetics

Answer 23

the study of four processes that affect the plasma concentration of drugs
absorption
distribution
transformation
elimination