Health Communication Flashcards by alejandra hernandez

Shared understanding of a meaning

Communication

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Health communication

The way we seek, inform, influence, process and share health information

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Theories of medicine

Biomedical and biopsychosocial model

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In this model the body = machine

Biomedical

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Pros of biomedical model

Efficient

Definite

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Cons of biomedical model

Marginalized feelings

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It states that physical health is influenced by thoughts and emotions

Biopsychosocial model

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Unique factors with doctor patient communication

Power difference

Transactional communication

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Approaches in health communication

Physician centered

Patient centered

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Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication

He does most of the talking
Time constraints
Blocking
Patronizing behavior

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Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element: time constraints

Short questions

Lots of patients

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Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element:blocking

Steering away from complaints and emotional support

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Characteristics of physician centered approach of communication element: patronizing behavior

Power inequality
Withholding info
Treat patients as inferior

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Pros of physician centered approach

Efficient in short run

Doctors hugely engaged

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Cons of physician centered approach

Risk of burnout in long run

, promotes passive attitude towards health from patients

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Approach in which doctor and patient see each other as peers

Patient centered approach

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CSA

Clinical skills assessment, test for doctor’s proficiency at patient centered care

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Characteristics of medical disclosure

Dyadic
Interdependent
Emotionally charged
Tension between privacy and desire to be know

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Factors related to withholding info (patients)

Concern about confidentiality
Uninviting doctor
Cultural difference
Personal issues
Perceived social stigma

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Factors related to withholding info (doctor)

Social status (higher get more info)
Paternalism

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Reasons to refuse prognosis knowledge

Cultural influence

Personality traits

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Coping styles

Blunting

Monitoring

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Blunting coping style

Try to distract and shut off. Prefer uncertainty

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Monitoring coping style

Info seeker, planners

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Theories of uncertainty

Reduction | Management

Reduction theory of uncertainty

Reduced uncertainty leads to relieved anxiety

Management theory of uncertainty

Sometimes we want to maintain or increase uncertainty

Most difficult topics to discuss for doctors

End of active treatment, begging of palliative Recurrence No resucitate

Most difficult task to do for doctors

Being honest but hopeful Deal with emotions Spending the right amount of time

Benefits of doctors process of socialization

Status Money Satisfaction

Cons of doctors process of socialization

``` Burnout Frustration Overwhelmed by responsibility Long hours Guilt Feeling ill prepared ```

What is body work

Viewing and touching a patient's body parts

Patients goal at a doctors appointment

Avoid pain Secure good impression of the doctor Help make decisions

Patients dilemma

Between wanting to ask questions and avoid being annoying

What is voice of medicine

Doctor speech

Voice of life world

Patient speech

Characteristics of voice of life world

Situated illness in everyday context Experimental Diffuse

Characteristics of voice of medicine

Based on tests Empirical evidence Scientific Specific

Patients expectations

``` Respect of time Convenience Respect Sense of control Warmth Professionalism ```

Reasons of non adherence to medical advice

Difficult recomendations Distrust of diagnosis Denial

Why would doctors recomendations would be hard to follow?

Financial reasons | Physical reason

Why would a patient distrust the diagnosis?

Diagnosis doesn't fully describe symptoms

Why would a patient be in denial of a diagnosis?

Threat to self image | Too shocking

Reasons for stopping medical routine prematurely

Symptoms go away | Do not see any improvement

3 characteristics of Informed consent

Full awareness Ability to understand Know that they can refuse treatment at any time

Process of managing stressful situations

Coping

Coping involves 2 things, which are...

Problem solving | Emotional adjustment

Types of social support

Action facilitating | Nuturring

Types of action facilitating social support

Instrumental | Informational

Types of nuturing social support

Esteem | Emotional

What involves instrumental social support?

Tangible help | Financial

What involves informational social support?

Personal experience | Internet search

What involves esteem social support?

Feeling valued and respected

What involves emotional social support?

Acknowledging feelings | Don't try to constantly cheer up

Characteristics of social support group

Mutual aid Single problem shared Regular meetings

Types of social support groups

Life changes Health issues Addiction

Processes of social support groups

``` Installation of hope Boost of personal competence Normalization of situation Emotional ventilator Uncertainty management ```

Benefits of end of life communication

Accepting diagnosis Better health choices Peace of mind

What are advance care directives?

Memo describing medical care and end of life preferences

What are patient surrogates?

People who take desicions when the patient can no longer do it

Characteristics of physician assisted suicide

The patient kills itself | Only for terminally ill

Why is media connected to health?

Omnipresence of health messages on mass media

Dimentions of media effects on health

Level of influence Intention Outcome

Levels of influence of mass media on health

Personal | Public

Intentions of mass media on health

Intended | Unintended

Outcomes of mass media on health

Positive | Negative

What is agenda setting theory?

Over or under reporting an issue on a different level than it's real importance

Topics unlikely to get media attention

Old isuues Chronic Minority affected

Overreported topics characteristics

Attention grabbing High sensation value Killing many quickly

3rd person effect

People Believe others to be more vulnerable to media than themselves

Optimistic bias

Thinking that your chance of a negative outcome is lower than average

What is direct to consumer advertising?

Advertising of prescription drugs to the public

Advantages of direct to consumer advertising

Provides options | Market competition

DisAdvantages of direct to consumer advertising

Increased price Price heuristic Over optimistic idea of effects

What is the magic window effect on children?

Thinking that everything on TV is real

What is adult discount?

Adult skepticism over ads

Effects of medical dramas

Perpetuates myths about organ donation and doctor's capabilities

Health Communication Flashcards

(77 cards)