health, culture and society Flashcards
(26 cards)
Outline the link between socioeconomic status and health inequalities (3)
- people in higher socioeconomic groups benefit more from advances in health than those in lower groups
- male life expectancy increased from 1980s to 2010s but this also increased the gap between higher and lower classes -> reports show higher classes treated better in terms of health and social care
- another report showed the gap between healthcare for the rich and poor had widened over time
Describe the socioeconomic classification based on how people rank occupations
-class 1= doctors, lawyers etc
-class 4= farmers, shopkeepers, driving instructors
-class 7=labourers,bar staff, lorry drivers
but may not be a good reflection of poverty and social status
what are the 7 domains of deprivation
- income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services, living environment
- there are ranks based on the domains for every area
- however some people who aren’t deprived may live in an area of deprivation and vice versa
What is meant by social drift in terms of health inequalities?
-poorer health causes inequalities (drift down the social ladder/gradient)
what are 2 rights and what are 2 obligations of the sick role?
2 rights: exempt from normal social roles, not responsible for illness
2 obligations: try and get better, seek and adhere to medical advice
what are the limitations of the sick role?
Limitations:
- Doesn’t apply to trivial or chronic illness
- Doesn’t consider severity of illness
- Doesn’t consider culture
define problem focused coping for stress?
problem focused coping is for long term
- addresses the problems
- learn about illness and how to cope with it
define emotional focused coping for stress?
emotional focused coping- short term
- deals with ermotion
- relaxation / distraction i.e drinking, drugs, denial
- can lead to destructive behaviour
what are zolas triggers to consultation (CRAST)?
Crisis = an event that causes you to go Relationship = the condition affects you interpersonal relationship Activities = these are affected Sanctioning = pressure from others Temporalising = setting a time frame/deadline
what are the different types of stigma?
- Felt/internal/self-stigma = shame or expectation of discrimination that prevents people doing things
- Enacted/external/discrimination sitgma = refers to the experience of unfair treatment by others
- Discrediting = visible
- Discreditable = hidden/unkown
outline the transtheoretical model of behaviour change (PCPAM)?
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance (relapse can occur at ant stage)
define concordance
Concordance = compromised agreement between a doctor and patient as to what the patient will do
define compliance
Compliance = extent to which a patient’s behaviour matches that told to them by the doctor (paternalistic)
define adherence
Adherence = extent to which a patient follows the plan
what is the medical model of disability and what is its limitations?
Medical model of disability = disability is a result of a physical condition or disease to a persons body
Limitations = focus is on curing a person to live a normal life, but no everything is curable
what is the social model of disability and what is its limitation?
Social model of disability = disability is a result of how society is organised rather than by the individuals impairment. (Remove barriers by use of ramps, brail etc.)
Limitations = As population gets older harder for society to adjust. Also hard for professionals to switch from cure => care
what is secure attachment in childhood and how does it develop into adulthood?
In childhood: (secure) - distress when mother leaves - greets mother when she returns In adulthood (secure) - comfortable in relationships - able to seek support from partner
what is avoidant attachment in childhood and how does it develop into adulthood?
In childhood (avoidant) - does not seek mother when she returns - focus on enviroment In adulthood (dissmissing) - greater sense of autonomy - tend to cut themselves off emotionally from partner
what is ambivalent attachment in childhood and how does it develop into adulthood?
In childhood (ambivalent) - very upset at departure - explores very little In adulthood (preoccupied) -fears rejection from partner - strong desire to maintain closeness
what are the big five for personality traits? OCEAN
- Openess
- Consciousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Narcissism
what are the models of addiction?
Disease model = addiction is a disease that needs to be treated
Moral model = weak individual
Genetic model = genetic pre-disposition to addiction
Experimental model = just a phase of experimenting
Exposure theory = regular consumption has led to metabolic dependency on the habit, need to use with increasing dose to gain effect (CUES)
Choice model = one chooses to be addicted/consume the addiction
what are different issues patients experience when dealing with chronic illness?
Uncertainty = slow process and waiting for things to happen and you don’t know when it will Family relations are strained Managing medical regime can be hard due to complexity Polypharmacy Multiple appointments/busy schedule Getting to and from appointments (cost) Cost of additional support Lose independence
define social causation
Social causation = being part of a lower SE group predisposes you to certain conditions
define social drift
Social drift = when having the condition causes you to drift down the SE ladder to a lower SE group
