Health exam 1

Question 1

Six dimensions of health and wellness

Answer 1

POSIES = Physical, Occupational, Social, Intellectual, Emotional, Spiritual
1. Emotional wellness= coping skills and understanding emotions (how you deal with emotions)
2. Intellectual wellness= having an open mind to new ideas and concepts
3. Spiritual wellness = the state of harmony with yourself and others
4. Occupational wellness= is being able to enjoy what you are doing to earn a living or to contribute to society
5. Social wellness = the ability to perform social roles effectively and comfortably without harming others
6. Physical wellness = healthy body maintained by eating right, exercising regularly, avoiding harmful habits, making informed and responsible decisions

Question 2

Wellness model of health

Answer 2

• emphasizes self-healing
• the promotion of health and the prevention of illness rather than solely the treatment of symptoms of a disease
• let me make a change to my diet and exercise before I take a prescription

Question 3

Lifestyle disease (and the types of chronic diseases that are considered to be a lifestyle diseases)

Answer 3

• Diseases that mostly result from people’s behaviors and the ways in which they live
• leading cause of death in the US
• many are chronic and mental health diseases that persist for years of life, lower the quality of life for the person and family, and usually shorten life spans
• Type 2 diabetes = too much fat in the blood causes body cells to resist the actions of insulin. this condition is strongly associated with being overweight

Question 4

The five D’s associated with the medical model of health

Answer 4

Death
Disease
Discomfort
Disability
Dissatisfaction

Question 5

The term psychosomatic illness

Answer 5

• psychosomatic illnesses are conditions caused in large measure, by mental states and attitudes such and persistent anxiety, depression, and stress
• modern medicine tends not to treat psychosomatic illnesses directly
• physicians prefer to use drugs that suppress symptoms. but rarely do they address the underlying mental state that causes the illness

Question 6

what are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 6

a group of nerves that regulate many of the body’s physiological functions without conscious control
- Sympathetic= fight or flight
- Parasympathetic = rest and digest

Question 7

Sympathetic

Answer 7

“fight or flight”
- dilated pupils
- inhibits salivation
- dilates bronchi (lungs)
- stimulates heartbeat
- stimulates adrenal glands
- inhibits digestion (stomach, pancreases, liver, and spleen)
- dilates bladder

Question 8

Parasympathetic

Answer 8

“rest and digest”
- constricts pupils
- stimulates salivation
- constricts bronchi (lungs)
- slows the heartbeat
- inhibits adrenal gland
- stimulates digestion (stomach, pancreases, liver, spleen)
- contracts bladder

Question 9

How does humor physiologically influence health?

Answer 9

humor can have a positive effect on health. it increases levels of natural killer cells that help prevent infections

Question 10

Placebo effect

Answer 10

the healing that results from a person’s belief in a treatment that has no medicinal values
- brings real physiological changes in the body
- new drugs are required to undergo a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Question 11

be familiar with image visualization

Answer 11

use of mental images to promote healing and change behaviors
- used in many mind-body healing techniques
- produced relaxation and a feeling of harmony

Question 12

be familiar with how stress contributes to illness

Answer 12

• stress and negative mood states can weaken the immune system
• methods to reduce stress (mindful mediation) can strengthen the immune system
• psychosomatic illnesses are conditions caused by mental states and attitudes such as persistent anxiety, depression, and stress

Question 13

what is the difference between eustress and distress?

Answer 13

eustress (positive stress) comes from challenging situations

distress (negative stress) companies harm, loss, and threat

Question 14

BMI

Answer 14

BMI = a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (high BMI indicates high body fat)
- less than18.5 = underwight
- 18.2-25= healthy weight
- 25 - 30 = overweight
- 30+ = obesity

Question 15

Classes of BMI

Answer 15

Class 1 - BMI Oof 30-35
Class 2 - BMI of 35-40
Class 3 - BMI of 40+ (servere)

Question 16

two kinds of body fat

Answer 16

1. Essential fat = necessary body fat required for normal physiological functioning
   - men 5-10%
   - women 8-15%
2. Storage or depot fat = energy stored as fat in various parts of the body
   - 30% of the population is considered to be obsee