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health exam Flashcards

1
Q

signs of healthy behaviour

A
  • B.A.R - bright, alert, reactive/responsive

- interacting with people/animals

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2
Q

signs of unhealthy behaviour

A
  • quiet, lethargic, unresponsive
  • reluctant to move
  • change in behaviour
  • aggressive or hiding
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3
Q

signs of a healthy posture

A
  • free head movement
  • can stand evenly on all feet
  • straight spinal posture
  • free tail movement
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4
Q

signs on an unhealthy posture

A
  • stiff neck
  • hunched stance
  • tail hanging unmoving
  • difficulty sitting/lying
  • head tilt
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5
Q

signs of a healthy gait

A
  • smooth & flowing

- symmetrical gait

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6
Q

signs of an unhealthy gait

A
  • lameness/limping or weakness in limbs
  • trembling
  • reluctance to move
  • wobbly/unsteady gait
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7
Q

signs of healthy ears

A
  • symmetrical in shape/position
  • pricked
  • clean
  • responds to sound
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8
Q

signs of unhealthy ears

A
  • discharge & redness
  • abnormal odour/smell
  • swollen ear flap
  • head tilt & ears drooped
  • scratching/rubbing at ears
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9
Q

signs of healthy eyes

A
  • bright
  • clear cornea
  • open & normal blinking
  • even eye & pupil shape & size
  • normal colour & no marks on surface
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10
Q

signs of unhealthy eyes

A
  • discharge & cloudiness
  • redness
  • uneven pupil size
  • dullness or glassy
  • one closed/blinking a lot
  • eye & surrounding area swollen or shrunken
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11
Q

signs of healthy respiration

A
  • expected rate, pattern & effort
  • clean nose
  • no crust or nasal discharge
  • no cough or excessive sneezing
  • normal breathing sounds
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12
Q

signs of unhealthy respiration

A
  • difficulty breathing/panting unnecessarily
  • nasal discharge/crustiness
  • coughing/sneezing
  • chest sounds (wheezing)
  • fast/slow/shallow/deep breathing
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13
Q

signs of a healthy coat

A
  • evenly covered
  • smooth, glossy & shiny
  • cost laying flat (if applicable
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14
Q

signs of an unhealthy coat

A
  • hair loss
  • flaky/crusty skin
  • change in skin/ hair pigmentation
  • dry/greasy
  • excessive scratching
  • odorous skin/coat
  • redness or thickened skin
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15
Q

signs of a healthy urinary system

A
  • urine clear pale yellow
  • normal volume/frequency
  • passing urine with ease
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16
Q

signs of an unhealthy urinary system

A
  • frequent urination
  • difficulty
  • cloudy/bloody
  • change in volume
  • change in drinking habits
  • change in colour
  • strong smell
17
Q

signs of healthy limbs

A
  • symmetrical

- all held evenly

18
Q

signs of unhealthy limbs

A
  • swellings/thickening
  • held at unusual angle
  • asymmetry
  • muscle wasting
  • not using limb/bearing weight
19
Q

signs of a healthy digestive system

A
  • normal faeces colour/consistency
  • normal volume & frequency of faeces
  • defecates with ease
  • normal appetite
20
Q

signs of an unhealthy digestive system

A
  • diarrhoea/constipation
  • vomiting/regurgitation/signs of nausea (licking lips, turn head away)
  • increases volume of faeces
  • abdominal noises/distension
  • flatulence & hunched, tense stance
  • ravenous appetite & mouth door
  • weight loss & gain
21
Q

what can be determined from a close examination?

A
  • detection of external masses/swellings & abnormalities of internal structures
  • localising areas of pain or discomfort
  • tpr & heart rate
  • heart & respiratory sounds & rhythm
  • pulse strength
  • mmc & crt
  • assessing hydrating via skin tent/mucous membrane dryness
22
Q

what is the most useful & common approach to the physical exam?

A
  1. hands on exam, usually from head to toe

2. taking tpr - temp, pulse, respiratory rate

23
Q

what should be examined on the head in a close exam

A
  • ears
  • eyes
  • nose
  • oral cavity
  • lymph nodes
  • throat
24
Q

body temperatures for dogs & cats

A

cat - 38-39.2 degrees

dog - 38.3-39.2 degrees

25
Q

cats & dog pulse rate

A

cat - 120-140

dog - 60-120

26
Q

cats & dogs respiratory rate

A

cat - 20-40

dog - 10-30

27
Q

what is a systemic approach to an health exam

A
  1. history
  2. distant exam
  3. close exam
  4. ancillary tests

whs (2 decks)

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