Health governance

Question 1

What is Global Health Governance

Answer 1

International policy applied by single states to the a more cohesive global policy agreed on by states with the help of other non state actors such as IO and NGOs.

There are several definitions of Global Health Governance, but generally they propose rules and create institutions that provide processes of protection and safeguard of global health, with the help of non-state actors.

Question 2

Who are the main actors in global health governance?

Answer 2

The main actors in global health governance are:
- States; they are the primary source of global health funding and are ultimately responsible for implementing global health
programs
- World Health Organization; a UN specialized agency and an international organization with the function of acting as the
directing and coordinating authority on the international health work. The structure of the WHO is made up of the World
Health Assembly, the executive board and the Secretariat. The WHO also have six regional offices for the different continents.
It has a high degree of legitimacy and an almost universal membership. The funding of the WHO is made up of assessed
contributions by member States paid accordingly to the countries’ GDP and voluntary contributions.

• Funding Agencies; their activity is in theory only related to funding, however in practice they very much choose the projects
  they decide to fund, consequently influencing policies. An example is the Global Fund, which acts as a major international
  funder for global health projects, but these funds are often misused in some countries
• Private Public Partnership; they are very relevant and combine different types of actors with the aim to collaborate on specific
  issues. It will be easier to achieve their goals because it will be less politicized and it bridges the gap between public and nonpublic sector

-NGOs and private actors; such as Doctor without Borders, they act with very enlightened goals but many times they lack
funding and so they need to collaborate with either states or individuals. NGOs try to differentiate where the budget comes
from, in order not to be tied to a single source of funding and having a bias. Also philanthropic organizations are relevant
actors, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation.

Question 3

What is the importance of article 168 TFUE after the lisbon treaty.

Answer 3

With the European Union being provided with a new competence in the field of health. Article 168 provides the basis for the
establishment of these new powers. Article 168 defines the limit of the actions of the EU
in the field of health, and after the Covid-19 pandemic it was found that the EU should
increase its role, and thus health became a parallel competence of EU and Member
states.

Question 4

What is Legal health preparedness

Answer 4

it refers to the capability of the public health and health care systems,
communities, and individuals to prevent and protect against current and future health emergencies.

Question 5

The Regulation 2371/2022 is the new basis for

Answer 5

Actions to be taken by Member States in their prevention, preparedness and response act; it promotes an effective and coordinates response to cross-border threats on health at Union level, guarantees the sharing of scientific facts necessary in health protection and, above all, complementing the national preventive, preparedness and response plan that every country will set up according to their capacity, resources and governance.