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Human Geography > Health Human Rights Intervention > Flashcards

Health Human Rights Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

what can a lack of education mean

A

slow down the social and economic development a country

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2
Q

investment in education and health is seen as an investment in human capital

A

education is key to improving human rights and democratic participation
gender imbalance girls make 54% of the world non schooled population, particularly in Asia and Arab states

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3
Q

causes and consequences of unequal access to education

A

inequalities and marginalisation children do not have access to basic education due to gender health and cultural identity

lack of basic education hinders social and economic development of low achieving countries

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4
Q

Variations of health and life expectancy in Africa - Algeria

A 
76 years
strong government
rapid increasing GDP - Oil
has met most development goals
98% primary school enrolment 
still 23% living below poverty line
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5
Q

Variations of health and life expectancy in Africa - Democratic Republic of the Congo

A

56 years
$800 per capita
40% children forced to work
has met few development goals
one of the world lowest HDI
rich in natural resources - caused conflict
high health expenditure and funding from NGOS

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6
Q

what factors affect life expectancy

A 
lifestyle factors
levels of deprivation 
diet choices
education 
income
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7
Q

research results from OECD in 35 countries

A

developed countries life expectancy rose
use highest health spending per capita , ranks 30th infant mortality
infant mortality and heart disease fell

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8
Q

UK life expectancy stats

A
  1. 8 Women

79. 1 Male

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9
Q

what is the ECHR

A

treaty produced by the council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights

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10
Q

what does the ECHR consist of

A

14 articles which protect right to life, a fair trial and freedom of expression

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11
Q

what does the ECHR enable

A

human right cases to be heard within the home country rather than European court

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12
Q

why is their controversial about the ECHR

A

rights questioned by pressure groups and newspapers,

1998 human right act is undemocratic threaten British sovereignty and self determination

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13
Q

Authoritarian Government

A

China
no general elections
argues human rights are western ideas threaten government power
freedom of expression limited
president holds all power
greater wealth, better schooling and access ton social media = increased democratic freedom

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14
Q

Democratic Government

A

India
Indian states and the lower house of parliament hold the most power
government committed to improving rights as the economy grows
media and independent judiciary ensure the freedom of society
India Constitution 44 articles - freedom of speech

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15
Q

what does high level of corruption threatened

A

human right as the rule of law can be subverted

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16
Q

what is and what do transparency international do

A

NGO - aims to combat corruption and prevent criminal activities arising from corruption

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17
Q

most corrupt country and least corrupt

A

Denmark least

Somalia most

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18
Q

what is corruption defined as

A

the abuse of entrusted power for private gain

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19
Q

how can corruption be measured

A

Corruption Perception Index

scale 0-100 indicates perceived level of public sector corruption

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20
Q

Development Aid

A

financial aid given to developing countries
comes from developed countries, IGOs, NGOs
bilateral aid
multilateral aid

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21
Q

what is bilateral aid

A

one country to another

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22
Q

what is multilateral aid

A

NGO to another country

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23
Q

What is a trade embargo

A

ban that restricts all trade or trade in certain items (military supplies) with a country

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24
Q

what does a trade embargo encourage

A

country to change its actions

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25
Q

when are trade embargos used

A

response to threats to international security or human rights abuse

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26
Q

how many trade bargos did that uk have

A

UK had arms embargos on 17 countries

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27
Q

UN security council trade embargo on who

A

Libya in response to human rights abuses

28
Q

Military Aid

A

consists of money weapons or expertise given to developing countries to help them protect borders and fight terrosim or given to rebel groups fighting authoritarian government

29
Q

largest contributor to military aid

A

USA to protect use interest

30
Q

negative of military aid

A

charities worry less money is being spent on poverty

31
Q

Military Action- Direct Action

A

air strikes and ground troops

2003 USA UK direct action v Saddam Hussein in Iraq

32
Q

Military Action - Indirect Action

A

military assistance

2017 UK training Nigerian forces to improve secuirty

33
Q

Military Action

A

can be agreement with the country or taken to protect people from their own government

34
Q

why is geopolitical intervention difficult

A

success has varying definitions
data outcomes are Interventions span many years
some countries cannot collect data
Dara outcomes interpreted differently by different people

35
Q

why does geopolitical intervention need to be shown to work

A

politically sensitive and expensive

36
Q

how geopolitical can be shown to work

A

demonstrates accountability to voters and whether actions need improvement

interventions can be assessed using hard data (stats) soft data (degrees of freedom of speech

37
Q

why is promotion of democracy key to economic growth and stability

A

leads to other economic and social changes
countries less willing to support criminal organisations
countries less likely to go to war

38
Q

Democracy Aid

A

defends civil and political rights
strengthens governmental institutions such as parliament’s
supports fair elections and development of political parties
come from western government

39
Q

freedom of expression

A

protects against injustice
enables criticism go government and leaders
fundamental rights outlined in UDHR

40
Q

examples of success of overseas aid

A

South Korea and Singapore which received from USA and now beneficial trading partners with the USA
China ton sub saharan Africa based on economic development - higher employment and economic growth

41
Q

is military intervention successful? YES

A

threatened strategic resource supplies have been protected
Kuwait 1992
Persecution of threatened minorities have been prevented Libya

42
Q

is military intervention successful? NO

A

human and financial cost with little result IRAQ

Civil instability and unrest of intervention by foreign power

43
Q

Types of military intervention

A

direct

indirect

44
Q

why is military intervention controversial

A

bring death and destruction refugees, loss of human rights and loss of sovereignty

45
Q

short term military action

A

short term gains stopping persucion of minatory groups and protecting resource pathways - oil supplies

46
Q

IRAQ WAR STUDY when and why

A

2003

oppression of civilians and development and use of weapons of mass destruction against own people

47
Q

other motivation of Iraq war intervention

A

stabilise oil supplies in the Middle East

48
Q

who internvened in Iraq war

A

USA and allies

49
Q

iraq war costs

A

budgeted $4 billion

$800 billion as of 2014

50
Q

why was military intervention justified Iraq FOR AND AGAINST

A

no democracy human right abuses occurring and civilians being oppressed

no evidence of MMD

51
Q

successful interventions iRAQ

A

Hussein toppled and dictatorship, ended with democratic elections taking place 2005
health car improvements
infant mortality rate reduced

52
Q

unsuccessful interventions iRAQ

A

entry of IS and Al Qauda due to political instability
HR violations increased by 2015 economic, political instability and corruption
massive cost to use and allies

53
Q

successful military intervention

A

Côte d’Ivoire

54
Q

justification of military intervention by France and uk Cote D’ivore

A

enforcing democracy and result of elections, widespread civil unrest and deaths of 100s, if not 1000s oppressed

55
Q

3 reasons of successful Cote D’ivore

A

hostilities over in 12 days
president peacefully arrested
within 2 months city back to normal

56
Q

unjustified intervention COTE D;IVORE

A

colonial powers intervened a independent country to gain result , using responsibility to protect over national sovereignty

57
Q

No Intervention Where`?

A

Zimbabwe

58
Q

problems caused by no intervention

A

extreme poverty hyperinflation economic collapse

59
Q

problem if intervention happened

A

civil war lack of alternative government, instalbity

60
Q

reasons for not intervention

A

no threat to global peace

opposition to action by China.Russia (communist regime) at un

61
Q

Diplomatic Intervention Where?

A

Timor Leste

62
Q

what was the intervention that took place in East Timor ?

A

embargos and diplomatic negotiations
UN with Indonesia (neighbour) and Portugal (former colonial power) to arrange an independence referendum and peaceful transition of power

63
Q

justification of intervention in Timor Leste

A

Indonesia invaded an indépendant country

64
Q

what could be considered successful Timor Leste

A

since handing over power in 2002 Timor Leste been relavity peaceful and secure democracy

65
Q

why might it be considered not successful Timor Leste

A

1975-2002 for Timor Leste indépendance to be recognised

Human Geography (4 decks)

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