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[MT 6312] Community Health Lab > Health Indicators > Flashcards

Health Indicators Flashcards

1
Q

One of the founders of medical statistics

A

William Farr

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2
Q

The death rate is a fact; anything beyond this is an inference

A

William Farr

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3
Q

What gets measure gets done

A

Mason Haire

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3
Q

Author of Modern Organization Theory

A

Mason Haire

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4
Q

“the state of mental, physical and social well being, and does not merely connote the absence of illness.”

A

Health

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5
Q

derived from the word heal (hael) which means “whole”, signaling that health concerns the whole person and his or her integrity, or well-being

A

Health

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5
Q

T/F: health is difficult to both qualify and quantify

A

T

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6
Q

Uses of health indicators

A
  1. Identify public health problems and needs
  2. Determine factors that contri to causation & control of diseases
  3. Indicating prio for resource alloc
  4. Monitoring imple of health programs
  5. Evaluating outcomes of health prog
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7
Q

A specific ratio in which the numerator is a subset of the denominator: x/(x+y)

A

Proportion

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7
Q

One number divided by another number: x/y

A

Ratio

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8
Q

basic measure in disease occurences and vital stats

x*/(x+y)

A

Rate

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

health status indicator

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10
Q

incidence

A

health status indicator

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11
Q

case fatality

A

mortality indicator

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12
Q

life expectancy at birth

A

mortality indicator

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13
Q

DALYs lost

A

mortality indicator

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14
Q

case consulting a health provider

A

risk reduction indicators

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15
Q

infants exclusively breast-fed for 1st 6 mos

A

risk reduction indicators

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16
Q

children fully vaccinated

A

risk reduction indicators

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17
Q

people using treated bednets

A

risk reduction indicators

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18
Q

the mathematical & statistical study of the size, composition & spatial distribution of human populations & of changes over time in these aspects through the operation of 5 processes

A

Demography

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18
Q

5 processes of demography

A
  1. Fertility
  2. Mortality
  3. Migration
  4. Marriage
  5. Social mobility
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19
Q

uses of demography

A
  1. determine the number & distribution of a population in certain area
  2. determine growth (or decline) & dispersal of population
  3. establish a “causal relationship”
  4. predict future developments
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20
Q

sex ratio formula

A

of males/# of females x 100

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20
Q

The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the population.

A

median age

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21
Q

Compares the sex ratio across different categories/levels of another characteristic

A

sex structure

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22
Q

Compares the number of males to the number of females

A

Sex Ratio

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23
Q

Used to gauge whether the population is young or old

A

median age

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24
Q

age dependency ratio formula

A

pop 0-14 + pop ≥ 65 yo/pop 15-56 x 100

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25
Q

enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in the past.

A

popu pyramid

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25
Q

A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the
population

A

population pyramid

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26
Q

↑ BR ↑ DR; short life expectancy

A

stage 1 - expanding

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27
Q

↑ BR ↑ DR; slightly longer life expectancy

A

stage 2 - expanding

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28
Q

↓ BR ↓ DR; more ppl living to old age

A

stage 3 - stationary

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28
Q

Quantitative measures

A

health indicators

29
Q

↓ BR ↓ DR ↑ dependency ratio; longer life expectancy

A

stage 4 - contracting

30
Q

Describe & summarize various aspects of health status of the population

A

health indicators

31
Q

Usually expressed as ratios, proportions or rates

A

health indicators

31
Q

cbr formula

A

of registered livebirths in yr/midyr popu x 1000

32
Q

Measures how fast people are added to the population

A

crude birth rate

32
Q

CBR ≥ 45 l.b./1000 pop/yr

A

high FR

33
Q

CBR ≤ 20 l.b./1000 pop/yr

A

low FR

34
Q

CDR formula

A

total deaths in 1 yr/midyr popu x 1000

34
Q

used to predict the popu growth

A

General Fertility Rate (GFR)

34
Q

Measures rate at which mortality occurs in a given population

A

crude death rate

34
Q

GFR formula

A

of registered l.b. in a yr/midyr popu 15-44 yo women x 1000

35
Q

↓ 15 yo

A

↑ maternal death

36
Q

↑ 44

A

↓ prenatal death

37
Q

cause-of-death rate formula

A

deaths specific cause/midyr popu x 1000

38
Q

for determining the leading causes of mortality

A

cause-of-death rate

39
Q

A sensitive index of the health conditions of the general population

A

infant mortality rate

40
Q

infant mortality rate formula

A

total deaths < 1 yo/# of l.b. x 1000

41
Q

poor popu

A

60-150 deaths per 1000 births per year

41
Q

severe conditions

A

≥ 200 deaths per 1000 births per year

42
Q

< 28 days old

A

neonatal

43
Q

28 days old to <1 yo

A

post-neonatal

44
Q

28 weeks gestation to 7 days

A

perinatal

45
Q

maternal mortality rate formula

A

pregnancy-related deaths in a yr/# l.b. in the same yr x 1000

45
Q

a sensitive indicator of the standards of healthcare

A

swaroop’s index

45
Q

a special kind of proportionate mortality ratio

A

swaroop’s index

45
Q

swaroop formula

A

deaths ≥ 50 yo in a year/total # of deaths x 100

46
Q

Developed countries have higher compared to developing

A

swaroop’s index

47
Q

how much of the afflicted die from the disease

A

case fatality rate

47
Q

the “killing power” of a disease

A

case fatality rate

48
Q

the probability of dying of a certain disease

A

case fatality rate

49
Q

CFR formula

A

deaths fue to a disease/ # of cases of disease x 100

49
Q

Measures the frequency of existing disease (cases)

A

prevalence proportion

49
Q

Measure the burden of the disease to the community

A

prevalence proportion

49
Q

Assess the public health impact of a disease

A

prevalence proportion

50
Q

Projection of medical care needs

Proportion with the disease at a point in time

A

prevalence proportion

51
Q

“point in time”: calendar time, birth, employment, retirement

A

prevalence proportion

52
Q

prevalence prop formula

A

cases at a point in time/# of persons examined x 1000

53
Q

Measures the occurrence of new cases, episodes, events

A

incidence

53
Q

✔ Evaluate program effectiveness
✔ Associated to RISK = the probability that a person will develop within a specified period of time

A

incidence

53
Q

For identifying etiologic factors

A

incidence

54
Q

Indicator of trend

A

incidence

55
Q

✔ Proportion of “disease” free individuals who contract the “disease within a specified period of time
✔ The average risk of developing the “disease”

A

Cumulative incidence or incidence proportion

56
Q

CI formula

A

cases that developed during the period / # of persons followed up x 1000

57
Q

✔ Rate at which new cases occur
✔ Denominator can either be ave. pop x followup period or the midyear pop

A

incidence density

57
Q

ID formula

A

cases that developed during the period / ave. pop x duration of followup or midyr pop x F

57
Q

the proportion of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval to the total num of deaths from all causes during the same time interval

A

proportionate mortality rate

58
Q

shows disease rates in specific popu groups

age, sex, occu, educ, exposure to risk, place of resi, or combinations

A

specific morbidity rates

59
Q

an alternative form of the incidence rate that is used of a disease or condition is such that a population is observed for a short time period

A

attack rate

60
Q

measure of burden of disease as present value of future yrs lost as a result of disability (morbi) and premature death (morta). indicator of popu health status

A

disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

60
Q

attack rate formula

A

of ppl who became ill / # of ppl at risk

[MT 6312] Community Health Lab (10 decks)

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