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[MT 6312] Community Health Lab > Health Indicators > Flashcards

Health Indicators Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

One of the founders of medical statistics

A

William Farr

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2
Q

The death rate is a fact; anything beyond this is an inference

A

William Farr

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3
Q

What gets measure gets done

A

Mason Haire

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3
Q

Author of Modern Organization Theory

A

Mason Haire

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4
Q

“the state of mental, physical and social well being, and does not merely connote the absence of illness.”

A

Health

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5
Q

derived from the word heal (hael) which means “whole”, signaling that health concerns the whole person and his or her integrity, or well-being

A

Health

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5
Q

T/F: health is difficult to both qualify and quantify

A

T

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6
Q

Uses of health indicators

A
  1. Identify public health problems and needs
  2. Determine factors that contri to causation & control of diseases
  3. Indicating prio for resource alloc
  4. Monitoring imple of health programs
  5. Evaluating outcomes of health prog
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7
Q

A specific ratio in which the numerator is a subset of the denominator: x/(x+y)

A

Proportion

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7
Q

One number divided by another number: x/y

A

Ratio

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8
Q

basic measure in disease occurences and vital stats

x*/(x+y)

A

Rate

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

health status indicator

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10
Q

incidence

A

health status indicator

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11
Q

case fatality

A

mortality indicator

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12
Q

life expectancy at birth

A

mortality indicator

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13
Q

DALYs lost

A

mortality indicator

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14
Q

case consulting a health provider

A

risk reduction indicators

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15
Q

infants exclusively breast-fed for 1st 6 mos

A

risk reduction indicators

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16
Q

children fully vaccinated

A

risk reduction indicators

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17
Q

people using treated bednets

A

risk reduction indicators

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18
Q

the mathematical & statistical study of the size, composition & spatial distribution of human populations & of changes over time in these aspects through the operation of 5 processes

A

Demography

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18
Q

5 processes of demography

A
  1. Fertility
  2. Mortality
  3. Migration
  4. Marriage
  5. Social mobility
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19
Q

uses of demography

A
  1. determine the number & distribution of a population in certain area
  2. determine growth (or decline) & dispersal of population
  3. establish a “causal relationship”
  4. predict future developments
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20
Q

sex ratio formula

A

of males/# of females x 100

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20
The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the population.
median age
21
Compares the sex ratio across different categories/levels of another characteristic
sex structure
22
Compares the number of males to the number of females
Sex Ratio
23
Used to gauge whether the population is young or old
median age
24
age dependency ratio formula
pop 0-14 + pop ≥ 65 yo/pop 15-56 x 100
25
enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in the past.
popu pyramid
25
A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population
population pyramid
26
↑ BR ↑ DR; short life expectancy
stage 1 - expanding
27
↑ BR ↑ DR; slightly longer life expectancy
stage 2 - expanding
28
↓ BR ↓ DR; more ppl living to old age
stage 3 - stationary
28
Quantitative measures
health indicators
29
↓ BR ↓ DR ↑ dependency ratio; longer life expectancy
stage 4 - contracting
30
Describe & summarize various aspects of health status of the population
health indicators
31
Usually expressed as ratios, proportions or rates
health indicators
31
cbr formula
of registered livebirths in yr/midyr popu x 1000
32
Measures how fast people are added to the population
crude birth rate
32
CBR ≥ 45 l.b./1000 pop/yr
high FR
33
CBR ≤ 20 l.b./1000 pop/yr
low FR
34
CDR formula
total deaths in 1 yr/midyr popu x 1000
34
used to predict the popu growth
General Fertility Rate (GFR)
34
Measures rate at which mortality occurs in a given population
crude death rate
34
GFR formula
of registered l.b. in a yr/midyr popu 15-44 yo women x 1000
35
↓ 15 yo
↑ maternal death
36
↑ 44
↓ prenatal death
37
cause-of-death rate formula
deaths specific cause/midyr popu x 1000
38
for determining the leading causes of mortality
cause-of-death rate
39
A sensitive index of the health conditions of the general population
infant mortality rate
40
infant mortality rate formula
total deaths < 1 yo/# of l.b. x 1000
41
poor popu
60-150 deaths per 1000 births per year
41
severe conditions
≥ 200 deaths per 1000 births per year
42
< 28 days old
neonatal
43
28 days old to <1 yo
post-neonatal
44
28 weeks gestation to 7 days
perinatal
45
maternal mortality rate formula
pregnancy-related deaths in a yr/# l.b. in the same yr x 1000
45
a sensitive indicator of the standards of healthcare
swaroop's index
45
a special kind of proportionate mortality ratio
swaroop's index
45
swaroop formula
deaths ≥ 50 yo in a year/total # of deaths x 100
46
Developed countries have higher compared to developing
swaroop's index
47
how much of the afflicted die from the disease
case fatality rate
47
the “killing power” of a disease
case fatality rate
48
the probability of dying of a certain disease
case fatality rate
49
CFR formula
deaths fue to a disease/ # of cases of disease x 100
49
Measures the frequency of existing disease (cases)
prevalence proportion
49
Measure the burden of the disease to the community
prevalence proportion
49
Assess the public health impact of a disease
prevalence proportion
50
Projection of medical care needs Proportion with the disease at a point in time
prevalence proportion
51
“point in time”: calendar time, birth, employment, retirement
prevalence proportion
52
prevalence prop formula
cases at a point in time/# of persons examined x 1000
53
Measures the occurrence of new cases, episodes, events
incidence
53
✔ Evaluate program effectiveness ✔ Associated to RISK = the probability that a person will develop within a specified period of time
incidence
53
For identifying etiologic factors
incidence
54
Indicator of trend
incidence
55
✔ Proportion of “disease” free individuals who contract the “disease within a specified period of time ✔ The average risk of developing the “disease”
Cumulative incidence or incidence proportion
56
CI formula
cases that developed during the period / # of persons followed up x 1000
57
✔ Rate at which new cases occur ✔ Denominator can either be ave. pop x followup period or the midyear pop
incidence density
57
ID formula
cases that developed during the period / ave. pop x duration of followup or midyr pop x F
57
the proportion of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval to the total num of deaths from all causes during the same time interval
proportionate mortality rate
58
shows disease rates in specific popu groups age, sex, occu, educ, exposure to risk, place of resi, or combinations
specific morbidity rates
59
an alternative form of the incidence rate that is used of a disease or condition is such that a population is observed for a short time period
attack rate
60
measure of burden of disease as present value of future yrs lost as a result of disability (morbi) and premature death (morta). indicator of popu health status
disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
60
attack rate formula
of ppl who became ill / # of ppl at risk

[MT 6312] Community Health Lab (10 decks)

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