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Higher Modern Studies > Health Inequalities > Flashcards

Health Inequalities Flashcards

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1
Q

What is individualism?

A

An ideology that it is the individual who is responsible for their socio-economic status.

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2
Q

What is collectivism?

A

An ideology that it is the society and inequality that is responsible for individuals socio-economic status.

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3
Q

Collectivism or individualism?
Low taxation and low government spending.

A

Individualism

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4
Q

Collectivism or individualism?
Higher taxation for the most affluent.

A

Collectivism

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5
Q

Collectivism or individualism?
The NHS should be free at the point of service for all.

A

Collectivism

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6
Q

Collectivism or individualism?
The welfare state should provide only the minimum support to avoid a dependency culture.

A

Individualism

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7
Q

According to individualists, the Scottish Govt has spent £500 million on what service that could be better distributed elsewhere.

A

Personal Care for the elderly.

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8
Q

The devolved governments in the UK have spent how much on free healthcare?

A

£200 billion

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9
Q

During what crisis do collectivists argue that the Conservative government turned to collectivist ideologies?

A

COVID-19

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10
Q

Collectivists argue that as a result of austerity measures, the use of food banks in the UK has increased by what % since 2015?

A

128%

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11
Q

According to the BBC in 2018, free prescriptions in Scotland has cost the country how much in a 10- year period?

A

£1.3 billion

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12
Q

When looking at sources we use C.R.A.P. What does it stand for?

A

Current
Reputable
Author
Purpose

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13
Q

What are the main purposes of a source?

A

Persuade
Influence
Educate
Inform.

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14
Q

According to a BBC study, what % of people in Edinburgh and Glasgow think that their lifestyle will lead them to an early grave?

A

53%

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15
Q

In Glasgow, it is estimated that how many children are living with an adult with a substance abuse problem.

A

6,000

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16
Q

By the age of 3, as a result of inequalities what vital organ is already significantly underdeveloped?

A

The brain

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17
Q

According to ASH Scotland 2023, how many hospitalisations are there per year as a result of smoking?

A

100,000

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18
Q

How many deaths in Scotland are attributed to smoking annually?

A

9,000

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19
Q

It is estimated that how many people in Scotland still smoke tobacco?

A

730,000

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20
Q

More women die from smoking related lung cancer in Glasgow compared to all other areas in the UK (bar Liverpool). True or False?

A

True

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21
Q

According to ASH Scotland how many families in Scotland could escape poverty if they gave up smoking?

A

63,000

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22
Q

The country’s lowest income group spend how much of their income on smoking?

A

29.4% (I’ll accept approx 30%)

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23
Q

The LGBT+ community have higher rates of smoking by what %?

A

200%

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24
Q

What types of illnesses are caused by smoking?

A

Mouth and throat cancer
Liver cancer
Lung cancer
Heart disease
Stroke
COPD

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25
According to Alcohol Focus Scotland, how many individuals in Scotland drink more than the recommended 14 units.
1 in 4 (25%0
26
Alcohol is a causal factor in more than 60 medical conditions including mouth, throat, stomach, liver and breast cancers; high blood pressure, cirrhosis of the liver. True or False?
True
27
How many alcohol specific deaths were there in Scotland in 2021?
1,245 (a 5% increase from 2020)
28
Alcohol related deaths are what times higher in the most deprived communities?
5.6
29
On average how many Scots die a week from alcohol?
40
30
In deprived areas in Glasgow, alcohol related deaths are what times higher than the UK average?
4
31
Scotland has the highest drug related death rate of any country in Europe. True or False
True
32
What % of drug related hospital admissions come from the most deprived areas?
54%
33
Women tend to live longer than men but in poorer health for longer?
True
34
Males make up what fraction of alcohol specific deaths in Scotland?
2/3rds
35
64% of women in 2021 (Scotland) are categorised as obese in comparison to what % of men?
70%
36
What % of suicides in Scotland are committed by men?
75%
37
Suicide is the leading cause of death in men under the age of 50 in the UK?
True
38
People in the most deprived areas in Scotland are what times more likely to commit suicide?
3x
39
Obesity costs the NHS how much annually?
£6 billion
40
what fraction of adult cancer cases are caused by obesity?
1 in 20
41
Obesity is the second most preventable cause of cancer?
True
42
What % of single parents in a Scot.Gov survey said that they were worried about running out of food?
34%
43
What % of Scots are medically classified as obese?
29%
44
45
What are the two main perspectives on the causes of health inequalities in Scotland?
Individualists focus on lifestyle choices, while collectivists emphasize societal factors like social determinants.
46
What is the relationship between poverty and health as acknowledged by health professionals in Scotland?
There is a strong link between poverty and poor health, making it easier for privileged individuals to make healthier choices.
47
What is the average life expectancy for men in Glasgow City compared to the Scottish average?
The average life expectancy for men in Glasgow City is 72 years, which is four years lower than the Scottish average.
48
What percentage of lung cancer cases in Scotland is attributed to smoking?
Smoking is responsible for around 70% of lung cancer cases.
49
List some health conditions that smoking contributes to besides lung cancer.
* Cancers of the mouth * Throat * Liver * Stomach * Coronary heart disease * Heart attacks * Strokes * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Pneumonia * Asthma
50
What has been the trend in quitting rates for smoking in Scotland since before the COVID-19 pandemic?
Quitting rates have declined significantly, dropping by a third.
51
How many people in Scotland are estimated to still smoke?
Around 730,000 people.
52
What is the percentage of households with smokers living in poverty?
42% of households with smokers live in poverty.
53
What proportion of individuals in Scotland drinks at harmful levels according to Alcohol Focus Scotland (2022)?
About one in four individuals.
54
What are some medical conditions caused by alcohol consumption?
* Cancers * High blood pressure * Cirrhosis of the liver * Depression
55
How many alcohol-specific deaths were reported in Scotland in 2023?
1,276 alcohol-specific deaths.
56
What is the drug-related death rate situation in Scotland?
Scotland has the highest drug-related death rate in Europe.
57
What was the number of drug-related deaths in Scotland in 2023?
1,197 drug-related deaths.
58
How much higher is the burden of drug use disorders in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived?
17 times higher.
59
What is the impact of unhealthy eating habits on health inequalities in Scotland?
Unhealthy eating habits contribute to significant health inequalities.
60
What is the estimated annual cost of obesity to the NHS?
£6 billion.
61
What percentage of adult cancer cases are linked to obesity according to the Scottish Health Survey (2021)?
1 in 20 adult cancer cases.
62
How does gender affect health in Scotland?
Women live longer but often experience poorer health; men have higher incidences of certain diseases.
63
What is the prevalence of depression among women compared to men in Scotland?
Depression is twice as prevalent among women.
64
What percentage of suicides in Scotland is accounted for by men?
75% of suicides.
65
What maternal health disparities do minority ethnic women face in Scotland?
The maternal mortality rate is four times higher for Black women.
66
List some health conditions that men from minority ethnic groups are more likely to suffer from.
* Diabetes * Obesity * Kidney disease * Strokes * Heart attacks

Higher Modern Studies (17 decks)

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