health models

Question 1

what are social cognitions?

Answer 1

Beliefs, attitudes and knowledge towards a health behaviour.

Question 2

What are the two different types of social cognition models?

Answer 2

Continuum and stage models

Question 3

people are likely to perform a behaviour based on their position on a continuum what is this?

Answer 3

Continuum model

Question 4

people move through stages towards behaviour, what is this?

Answer 4

Stage model

Question 5

Example of a continuum model

Answer 5

Theory of planned behaviour (Azjen 1990) and Health Belief Model (Rosenstock 1966, Becker 1977)

Question 6

Example of a stage model

Answer 6

Transtheoretical Model (diclemente & prochaska (1983)

Question 7

What are the components in Health belief model (Rosenstock, 1966 and Becker, 1977)

Answer 7

Perceived susceptibility 
Perceived severity 
Perceived barriers
Perceived benefits 
Cues to action 
Health Motivation
Demographic variables 
Psychological characteristic

Question 8

What is perceived susceptibility?

Answer 8

How likely an individual is to get a disease

most powerful component of changing health behaviours

Question 9

what is perceived severity?

Answer 9

individuals beliefs of the seriousness of the disease

Question 10

what is Perceived barriers?

Answer 10

Individuals opinion of the obstacles in the way of adopting new health behaviours

Question 11

What is Perceived benefit?

Answer 11

Individuals opinion of how useful the new health behaviour is in decreasing the old health behaviour

Question 12

What are cues to action?

Answer 12

Cues of action are people events or things that move people to change their behaviour

Question 13

What is the underlying concept of the original health belief model?

Answer 13

is that health behaviour is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions about disease and the strategies available to decrease it occurrence

Question 14

Each of the four main HBM dimensions produced a statistically significant correlation with vaccination behaviours who said this?

Answer 14

Aho (1979)

Question 15

Found barriers, benefits and susceptibility were good predictors of health however severity was not who said this?

Answer 15

janz & becker (1984)

Question 16

found four therapy based interventions drawing upon the effective sue of HBM on increased mammographs by an average of 23% compared to usual care who said this?

Answer 16

yasbroff & mandelblatt (1999)

Question 17

Found perceived susceptibility and severity of HIV infection, perceived benefits of condom use and cues to action did not help to explain condom use thus disconfirming HBM in this sample, who said this?

Answer 17

Wiggers et al (2003)

Question 18

individuals are rational and weigh up the pros and cons of behaviour, who said this?

Answer 18

mattson (1998)

Question 19

What is the Concept of Theory of Planned Behaviour?

Answer 19

Suggests that behaviour is deliberate and can be predicated and planned and drive by intentions which are functions of our attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. it is an extension of the theory of reasoned action

Question 20

What are the components of Theory of Planned behaviour?

Answer 20

Subject norms
Perceived behaviour control
behavioural attitudes
intentions

Question 21

What are subjective norms?

Answer 21

the belief of others people, whose opinions are valued.

Question 22

what is perceived behaviour control?

Answer 22

The individuals evaluation of the extent to which performance of the behaviour is easy or difficult

Question 23

What is behavioural attitudes?

Answer 23

The beliefs that an individual has about a particular behaviour, Attitudes are the strongest predictor of intention.

Question 24

What is intention?

Answer 24

our intentions to perform the behaviour, determined by attitudes, subject norms, and perceived behavioural control, intentions are the strongest predictor of behaviour

Question 25

Found strong correlation between interns and behaviour (attitude, subject norms and PBC) which shows tab is useful in predicting the consumption of low fat diet, who said this?

Answer 25

Armitage & Connor (1999)

Question 26

Controlling for socio-demographic and behavioural factors showed that perceived behavioural control and subjective norms for condom use were the main social-cognitive determinants of consistent condom use therefore confining TPB

Answer 26

Wiggers et al (2003)

Question 27

What did povey et al (2002) find?

Answer 27

TPB was a good predictor of the intentions of eating 5 a day, but it wasn't good a predicting actual behaviour. This shows that other factors such as opportunities time and money and the availability of food may also be heavily influential in actual behaviour

Question 28

Example of a con for TPB?

Answer 28

Too unrealistic: assumes all behaviour is rational and people always follow through on behaviours they intend to, fails to take into account any irrational determinants of behaviour. also impulsive behaviour do not exist

Question 29

What is the main concept within Transtheoretical model of change (prochaska &Diclemente 1983)

Answer 29

people are assumed to move through stages in order but they may relapse from action or maintenance to an earlier stage. people may cycle through the stages several times before achieving long-term behaviour change.

Question 30

What is behavioural change drive by?

Answer 30

decisional making, self efficacy and temptations

Question 31

What is decisional making and who came up with it ?

Answer 31

pros vs cons of behaviour janis & mann (1977)

Question 32

what is self efficacy and who came up with it?

Answer 32

the confidence individuals have in performing the new health behaviour, bandora (1997)

Question 33

what are the components of the TTM?

Answer 33

``` pre contemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance relapse ```

Question 34

What is pre-contemplation?

Answer 34

individuals no intention of changing their behaviour within the next 6 months, unaware or consequences

Question 35

What is Contemplation?

Answer 35

individuals intend on changing their behaviour in the next 6 months, weigh up pros and cons of behaviour

Question 36

What is Preparation?

Answer 36

individuals intention to change their behaviour within the next month may not know how to get to the next stage.

Question 37

What is action?

Answer 37

efforts to modify behaviour in the last 6 months, takes significant time and energy

Question 38

What is maintenance?

Answer 38

works to prevent relapse and retains the gains made in the action stage

Question 39

What did spencer et al 2002 find?

Answer 39

There is evidence of validity of TTM in smoking cessation and appress to be strong and growing

Question 40

What did marcus et al 2002 find?

Answer 40

That pros and cons and decisional making (pros vs cons) was related to exercise adoption