Health promotion Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the differences between health prevention vs promotion?
Disease prevention
- medical model
- tends to focus on specific disease
- target at risk groups
Health promotion
- positive holistic model
- general, and benefits are wider
- whole population approach
Most interventions target both - ie. prevent disease and promote health
Most health promotion interventions are the same as primary prevention
What are some examples of health promotion?
Drink driving campaigns Tobacco control Immunisation programmes Screening programmes Water fluoridation Self management of disease Healthy eating campaigns
Define: health promotion
process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
Combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive health
With the medical model what are the target group, general approach, strategy and actors in health promotion?
Example condition: CVD, High BP Target: high risk individuals General approach: individual Strategy: surgical/medical therapy/ medically manage behaviour change Actor: doctors, HCPs
With the behavioural model what are the target group, general approach, strategy and actors in health promotion?
Example condition: smoking, poor diet, alcohol abuse
Target: high risk groups
General approach: individual/population
Strategy: health education, public health policies (e.g. smoking ban)
Actor: public health, patient groups, government
With the socio-environmental model what are the target group, general approach, strategy and actors in health promotion?
Example condition: poverty, isolation, loneliness, pollution
Target: High risk societal conditions
General approach: communities
Strategy: community development, political action for societal change
Actor: citizens, social organisation, political movements
What is the high risk approach?
Identify few at "high risk" target interventions on these large benefit to individuals at greatest risk limited benefit at population level Example: CVD risk screening in PC
Issue with this approach is that the majority of major diseases are found throughout the population
What is the population approach?
target whole population for intervention
modify risk in whole community
small changes at individual level but affecting large numbers = substantial population benefit
What % of the population report no negative health behaviours and how many report 2 and 3 ?
29% report none
71% report one
28% report two
What is the impact of obesity in the UK?
extensive list of comorbidities - reduces life expectancy by 3-13 years
What is the impact of smoking in the UK?
1 in 4 deaths
What is the impact of physical activity in the UK?
1/3 of all deaths due to illness whose prevalence could have been partly reduced by increased physical activity
What is the impact of alcohol in the UK?
estimated to factor in about 20-30% of all road accidents
What is the impact of sexual health in the UK?
10% sexually active women infected with chlamydia - pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
What are some examples of behavioural change theories at an individual level?
Health belief model
Stages of change model
Theory of planned behaviour
Precaution adoption process model
What is the focus and key concepts of the health belief model?
focus: perceptions of threat, benefits of avoiding the threat
Key concepts: perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy
What is the focus and key concepts of the stages of change model?
Focus: readiness to change behaviour
Key concepts: precontemplation, contemplation, action, decision, maintenance
What is the focus and key concepts of the theory of planned behaviour?
Focus: attitudes, norms
Key concepts: Intention, attitude, subjective norm, behaviour control
What is the focus and key concepts of the precaution adoption model?
Focus: journey from lack of awareness to action and maintenance
Key concepts: unaware, unengaged, deciding about acting, acting and maintenance
What is an example of behavioural change theory at an interpersonal level?
social cognitive theory
Focus: personal, environmental factors and behaviour
Key concepts: capability, expectations, self-efficacy, reinforcements
What are some examples of behavioural change theory at a community level?
Community organisation
diffusion of innovations
communication theory
What is the focus and key concepts of community organsation?
Focus: community driven
Key concepts: empowerment, community capacity
What is the focus and key concepts of the diffusions of innovations?
Focus: how new ideas and practices spread within society
Key concepts: compatibility, complexity, triability, observability
What is the focus and key concepts of the communication theory?
Focus: how different types of communication affect behaviour
Key concepts: agenda setting, problem identification
