Health promotion and prevention in Mental Health

Question 1

Define PRIMARY prevention.

Answer 1

Primary prevention = Prevent the future onset / incidence of a specific problem.

Question 2

Define SECONDARY prevention.

Answer 2

Secondary prevention = Decrease the prevalence of a specific problem.
* Preventing relapse
* Preventing progression / worsening
* Preventing reoccurrence

Question 3

Define TERTIARY prevention.

Answer 3

Tertiary prevention = Improve outcomes (quality of life and reduce symptoms / disability) once an illness has already occurred.
* Prevent the loss of function

Question 4

What are the 3 types of PREVENTION?

Answer 4

1. Universal prevention = targeting the general public or a whole population group.
2. Selective prevention = targeting specific subgroups of the population whose risk of developing a mental disorder is significantly higher than that of the rest of the population.
3. Indicated prevention = targeting individuals at high risk for mental disorders - who may or may not exhibit symptoms of illness.

Question 5

What are the 9 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH?

Answer 5

1. Education
2. Employment
3. Social wellbeing
4. Availability of food
5. Housing and public health
6. Behaviours: smoking, substance use and sexual activities
7. Poverty
8. Crime
9. Teen pregnancy

Question 6

What are the 5 priority action areas of health promotion?

Answer 6

1. Build health public policy
2. Create supportive environments
3. Strengthen community actions
4. Develop personal skills
5. Reorient health services

Question 7

What is the difference between ‘PREVALENCE’ and ‘INCIDENCE’?

Answer 7

• INCIDENCE = The rate at which new cases of a condition (like a disease) occur within a defined population over a specific time period.
• PREVALENCE: The proportion of individuals within a population who have a condition at a particular point in time, regardless of when they first developed it.

Question 8

What are the 8 ADULT EDUCATION principles?

Answer 8

1. Build on current knowledge and experience
2. Keep information short and simple
3. Facilitate active participation and reflective learning
4. Encourage asking questions
5. Encourage members to source, use and look up information themselves - active learning
6. Make links clear
7. Summarise information at the end of each topic
8. Encourage self evaluation