health promotion CVS

Question 1

what is health promotion?

Answer 1

health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. it moves beyond a focus of individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.

Question 2

how do personal attitudes and traits effect the response to health promotion?

Question 3

medical/preventative approach?

Answer 3

the reorientation of health services and realistic medicine.
- to identify those at risk from disease

Question 4

behaviour change approach?

Answer 4

understanding and development of personal skills, can also be an educational approach.
- encourage individuals to take responsibility for health and lifestyle.

Question 5

educational approach?

Answer 5

can include community actions
- increase knowledge and skills about healthy lifestyles.

Question 6

empowerment approach?

Answer 6

can include aspects of supportive environments and community actions and the reorientation of health services.
- work with patients and communities to meet perceived needs.

Question 7

social change approach?

Answer 7

includes healthy public policy and aspects of community action and supportive environments.
- address inequalities

Question 8

what are the 4 types of CVD?

Answer 8

1- coronary heart disease
2- stroke
3- peripheral arterial disease
4- aortic disease

Question 9

what can unmanned CVD lead to?

Answer 9

• low quality of life
• disability
• death

Question 10

1- what is the estimate health burden of CVD between 2019 and 2043?

2- what is the heart and circulatory disease mortality rate in Scotland?

Answer 10

1- its forecast that health burden of CVD will increase by 34% between 2019 and 2043.

2- three in ten deaths

Question 11

top 5 causes of death in Scotland 2022?

Answer 11

1- coronary heart disease
2- dementia and alzheimers
3- lung cancer
4- stroke
5- lower respiratory

Question 12

what is the public health Scotland HD action plan?

Answer 12

it sets out the prioritise and the actions to minimise preventable heart disease and ensure equitable and timely access to diagnoses, treatment and care for people with suspected heart disease in Scotland.

Question 13

what are the 4 priorities of the HD action plan?

Answer 13

1- prevention (tackling risk factors)
2- timely and equitable access to diagnosis, treatment and care.
3- workforce
4- effective use of data.

Question 14

how much money does circulatory and heart disease cost NHS Scotland each year?

Answer 14

£800m

Question 15

modifiable risk factors for CVD?

Answer 15

• lifestyle factors
• personality
• perceived stress

Health promotion aims to target these ones.

Question 16

non modifiable risk factors for CVD?

Answer 16

• age
• ethnicity
• family history
• sex
• social determinants
• genetics

Question 17

what are the 3 types of health promotion?

Answer 17

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 18

primary health promotion and examples?

Answer 18

• aims to prevents disease or illness before it occurs
• done through altering of healthy or unsafe behaviours that can lead to illness or disease.
• aimed at promotion of good health in the general population
  EG- immunisation against infectious disease

Question 19

secondary health promotion and examples?

Answer 19

• aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred
• done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible, encourage personal strategies to prevent re injury and implementation programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long term problem.

EG- regular exams and screening tests to detect disease early.

Question 20

tertiary health promotion and examples?

Answer 20

• aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects
• help people manage long term, often complex health promotions and injuries in order to improve as much as possible their ability to function and quality of life.
  EG- cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programmes

Question 21

who is tertiary health promotion aimed at?

Answer 21

focuses on people who already have a health problem or illness and Imas to reduce the damage to health or prevent reoccurrence of that health problem.

Question 22

what are the 5 approaches to CVD health promotion?

Answer 22

1- behaviour change
2- educational
3- enhancing motivation
4- health behaviour maintenance
5- combing approaches/ programmes
6- relapse prevention

Question 23

behaviour change:
aim and method?

Answer 23

aim = encourage individuals to take responsibility for health and lifestyle changes

method = persuasive information, one to one advice, smoking cessation

Question 24

educational:
aim and method?

Answer 24

aim = increase knowledge and skills about healthy lifestyles

method = give information about effects and risks of CVD

Question 25

enhancing motivation: aim and method?

Answer 25

aim = guiding patients to enhance motivation methods = motivational interviewing (a collaborative approach)

Question 26

health promotion maintenance: aim and method?

Answer 26

aim = removal of barriers, creation of supptove environments and a strong sense of self efficiency methods = development of self efficiency, goal setting and monitoring self behaviour

Question 27

combining approaches/ programmes: aim and methods?

Answer 27

aim = the use of multiple approaches to promote healthier behaviours methods= a patient may benefit from receiving information (educational approach) as well as attending an exercise programme (behaviour change)

Question 28

relapse prevention: aim and methods?

Answer 28

aim = often when patients are adopting a new behaviour they sometimes revert back to their old behaviour (lapse), if this is prolonged this is called a relapse. method: nicotine replacement therapy

Question 29

what are cardioprotective personalty traits?

Answer 29

- optimism - conscientious and opens have been found to be associated with positive health outcomes

Question 30

what are the 4 personality types?

Answer 30

Type A =The director - goal orientated, risk taking, good under stress Type B = the socialiser- relationship orientated, outgoing, enthusiastic Type C = The thinker - detail orientated, logical, prepared Type D = The supporter - task orientated, stabilising, cautious Type X = combines 2 or more personality types when they are equal

Question 31

who first established the Lin between personality and CVD?

Answer 31

Friedman and rosenman (1959)

Question 32

what type of personality seeks the most treatment for CVD?

Answer 32

type A - they have more aggressive, competitive, hostile and were prone to excessive stress - they are over represented for seeking treatment for CVDA

Question 33

How do you change type A behaviour?

Answer 33

- stress reduction strategies - relocation techniques - anger management

Question 34

what are the dilemmas/ challenges surrounding health promotion?

Answer 34

- effective health promotion advocacy - health promotion workforce competency - sustainable financing of health promotion - the predominance of a medicalised culture within health systems

Question 35

ten tips for better health (Donaldson 1999)

Answer 35

1- don't smoke 2- follow a balanced diet 3- keep physically active 4- manage stress 5- alcohol in moderation 6- cover up in the sun 7- practise safer sex 8- take u cancer screening opportunities 9- be safe on the roads 10 - learn first AID

Question 36

ten tips for staying healthy (gordon 1999)

Answer 36

1- don't be poor 2- don't have poor parents 3- own a car 4- don't work in a stressful, low paid manual Jon 5- don't live in damp low quality housing 6- be able to afford to go on holiday and sunbathe 7- don't become unemployed 8- don't live next to a busy road or polluting factory 9- take up all benefits you are entitled too 10- learn how to fill in complex housing benefits