Health promotion, education, and counseling

Question 1

What are the steps of the community assessment?

Answer 1

1) Problem (based on target population)
2) Parameter
3) Data (collection)
4) Analyze (and interpret data)
5) Share findings (with who is interested)
6) Set plan/priorities

Question 2

What are the steps for the community program planning?

Answer 2

1) Review
2) Goals and objectives (mission, and vision)
3) Program plan
4) Management (who is going to help you?)
5) Funding
6) Support (from community or stakeholders)
7) Implement

Question 3

What is a vision statement?

Answer 3

broad and generalized, in the future, where the company is going or where it wants to be.
example: Every student has access to nutritious meats at school ensuring optimal health and well being

Question 4

What is a mission statement?

Answer 4

more detailed and focused; uses “aims at”; describes what a company does right now; how are you different from others?
ex: The Health is You program aims at helping patients and their families to understand and cope with physical and emotional changes associated with cancer recovery

Question 5

What are goals?

Answer 5

they’re broad in scope; general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve in the community/program; tend to be short
ex: pass the RD exam

Question 6

What are objectives?

Answer 6

SMART strategies to attain a goal

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

Question 7

What might middle to upper income adults be interested in?

Answer 7

health and long term goals

Question 8

What might low income adults be interested in?

Answer 8

coping and immediate problems

Question 9

When working with adolescents, what do you need to consider?

Answer 9

Peer pressure

Question 10

When working with elderly what do you need to consider?

Answer 10

decreased attention span; use big written font, information and pictures instead of oral information

Question 11

What are Bloom’s Learning Domains (Bloom’s Taxonomy)?

Answer 11

1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create

Question 12

What does primary prevention do?

Answer 12

aimed to avoid the development of a disease in healthy people

Question 13

What does secondary prevention do?

Answer 13

at risk population, prevent further complications/disease

Question 14

What does tertiary prevention do?

Answer 14

reduce the negative impact of an already existing condition

Question 15

What is the reading level of materials?

Answer 15

8th grade for general population

6th grade for low literacy population

Question 16

What are the educational types of evaluation?

Answer 16

formative and summative

Question 17

What is summative evaluation?

Answer 17

done at the end of the program; used to determine effectiveness; ex: post-test; can’t be changed but can help identify areas of improvement for the future.

Question 18

What is formative evaluation?

Answer 18

begins when programs are developed throughout the program; used for quality assessment and improvement; can be fixed

Question 19

What evaluations are often used in healthcare?

Answer 19

process evaluation, structure evaluation, and outcome evaluation

Question 20

What is process evaluation?

Answer 20

extent of which a program is being implemented as intended; what went well and what didn’t; how it contributed to success or failure of a program

Question 21

What is structure evaluation?

Answer 21

focuses on facilities, equipment, staffing, and other factors that can affect the quality of the program provided

Question 22

What is outcome evaluation?

Answer 22

focuses on end result of a program; often used in healthcare

Question 23

What is a consonance?

Answer 23

fit between the program and its objective/how communication helps towards the intended outcome or objective

Question 24

What is antecedent?

Answer 24

triggers a response; ex: seeing an advertisement for hot dogs that makes you want to get a hot dog

Question 25

what is nutritional informatics?

Answer 25

intersection between nutrition, information, and technology | MIS system

Question 26

What is synergy?

Answer 26

working together to achieve an output; a group's decision is superior to an individual decision

Question 27

What are OARS techniques?

Answer 27

open-ended questions (establish trust and respect) affirmations (affirm client's strengths and abilities) reflective listening (listen and share what client expressed) summarize (checks understanding of client's goals)

Question 28

What are the 5 principles of Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 28

1. express empathy (acknowledge and validate client's feelings) 2. develop discrepancy (show client differences between their goals and current behaviors 3. avoid arguments 4. roll with resistance 5. support self-efficacy

Question 29

What are the 4 processes of MI?

Answer 29

1. engaging (ask for permission to help) 2. focusing (set agenda) 3. evoking (change talk and sustain talk) 4. planning (use SMART objectives; comes from client)

Question 30

What is the ETHNIC model?

Answer 30

- Explain (ask pt open-ended questions to explain condition/sx/reason for visit) - treatment (ask what type of tx they're seeking and what they're currently doing) - healers (non-traditional services) - negotiation (what changes do they want to see with this visit) - intervention (discuss tx plan you created for pt) - collaboration (interprofessional)

Question 31

What is the BATHE model?

Answer 31

- background (understand their background) - affect (how it affects them) - trouble (what is most concerning?) - handling (how have you handled problem before?) - empathy (show support)

Question 32

What is the LEARN framework?

Answer 32

5-step plan that allows culturally sensitive tx plan 1. Listen (active listening and be empathetic) 2. Explain (use "I"; explain your perception of problem) 3. Acknowledge and discuss differences 4. Recommend appropriate tx 5. Negotiate tx

Question 33

What is the Campinha-Bancote Model?

Answer 33

process of cultural competence - cultural awareness (analyze your own bias) - cultural encounters (encounter other cultures) - cultural knowledge (learn about other cultures) - cultural skills (demonstrate ability to conduct culturally sensitive tx) - cultural desires (demonstrate interest in becoming culturally competent)

Question 34

What is HBM?

Answer 34

health belief model | person must perceive severity of the disease (perceived threat) which is a behavior-motivation factor

Question 35

What is TTM?

Answer 35

transtheoretical model - pre-contemplation - contemplation - preparation - action - maintenance - termination - relapse

Question 36

What is SCT?

Answer 36

social cognitive theory - people are more likely to carry out a task or behave a certain way if they feel confident in their abilities to carry out the task - must support self-efficacy - how a person's environment impacts their behavior and how their behavior influences environment - interrelation between personal, behavioral and environmental factors

Question 37

What is CBT?

Answer 37

cognitive behavioral therapy - used in ED patients - identifies behaviors or thoughts that have a negative impact and work to change it - can use it when client relapses back to their old behavior; identify what is triggering their relapse and work through the behavior change