Health Promotion & Vaccinations Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is primary prevention?
Measures that spare individuals from suffering, burden and costs assoc. with a clinical condition. It is the first level of care.
What is the focus of primary prevention?
Prevent illness or injury.
What is the most effective form of healthcare?
Primary prevention
What are examples of primary prevention?
Immunization
Chemoprophylaxis
What is community immunity?
A significant portion of a population has immunity against an infectious agent thus the likelihood of infection to those not immune is decreased.
What is passive immunity?
When a person receives select antibodies after exposure to an infective agent. Given through admin of immune globulin (IG) or through immunity acquisition from mother to unborn child. Provides temporary protection, IG protection starts within hours.
What is active immunity?
When a person receives a vaccine containing the infectious agent allowing them to produce antibodies against the infection. Provides long-term protection.
Which type of immunity is preferred for primary prevention?
Active immunity - has long-term protection.
What is secondary prevention?
Measures that identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have risk factors for a given disease or in preclinical disease.
What are examples of secondary prevention?
Screenings both preclinical or asymptomatic period.
Preclinical: mammo & pap.
Asymptomatic period: BP check for HTN, lipid profile for Hyperlipidemia.
What is tertiary prevention?
Measures that help manage an established disease.
What is the focus of tertiary prevention?
To minimize complications associated with the disease
What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Medication and lifestyle modifications - ex. to help improve BS levels in DM
A patient comes with abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, headache, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat and rhinitis. What is the most likely dx?
Uncomplicated influenza.
How long do uncomplicated influenza symptoms last?
Worst symptoms 1wk.
Cough & malaise 2wks+
Which patients are at higher risk for influenza-related complications?
Patients with: Pulmonary & cardiac disease Young children Pregnant women Immunocompromised Adults >65yrs
How is the flu transmitted?
Droplet - cough & sneeze
What considerations should be taken into account in immunocompromised patients with the flu?
Incubation period is shorter 1-4days, average 2days.
Remain infectious for up to 3wks.
Which flu strain has higher infection rates for younger adults?
H1N1 swine flu & H5N1 avian flu.
How effective is the flu vaccine?
70-80% effective in preventing the flu or reducing the severity of the disease.
Can the flu vaccine be given in patients with mild-moderate illness and currently on antimicrobial therapy?
Yes, it is not contraindicated in both cases.
Which populations should be given the flu vaccine?
Children 6-59mons.
Children 6mons-18yrs on long-term ASA risk for Reyes syn
Patients with chronic cardiac/ pulmonary illness
Immunosuppressed
Pregnant or child-bearing age
Community servers, students
Persons in nsg homes and long-term care facilities
American-Indians/ Alaska Natives
Morbidly obese BMI >40kg/m2
Caregivers of high-risk patients:
Healthcare workers, household contacts
Which flu vaccine contains the live virus?
Live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) - nasal spray. It is cold-adapted and temp-sensitive, thus given in the nose and throat, not lower resp when temp is higher.
What types of injectable flu vaccines are available?
Trivalent inactivated flu vaccine (TIV) - common flu shot
Intradermal TIV has lower dose than regular vaccine.
Inactivated TIV with higher dose is approved for >65yrs
