Health Science Profession and Imaging Modalities

Question 1

a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose
and treat disease.

Answer 1

Radiology

Question 2

a bonafide holder of a certificate of
registration for radiologic technology, issued by the board of radiologic
technology in accordance to R.A. 7431

Answer 2

Radiologic Technologist/Radiographer

Question 3

medical doctors that specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries
and diseases using medical imaging (radiology) procedures (exams/tests)
such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasound.

Answer 3

Radiologist

Question 4

a highly specialized health care professional
who looks at how the body functions in order to help in diagnosis and treatment
of a range of conditions and diseases.

Answer 4

Nuclear Medicine Technologist

Question 5

Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system, chest and abdomen

Answer 5

Diagnostic Radiology

Question 6

“ LIVE-ACTION” television monitor

Answer 6

Fluoroscopy

Question 7

s an imaging procedure that uses special
x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the
body.

Answer 7

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 8

Computed tomography (CT) s also called _________ and _____________

Answer 8

computerized tomography;
computerized axial tomography (CAT).

Question 9

Displayed directly on the screen

Answer 9

digital radiography

Question 10

uses cassette-based phosphor storage plates (PSP), which are then scanned by the computerized system into a digital format for image processing, archiving, and presentation.

Answer 10

COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY

Question 11

The first commercially available CT scanner was created by British engineer ___ of EMI Laboratories in __

Answer 11

Godfrey Hounsfield in 1972

Question 12

Godfrey Hounsfield co-invented the CT scanner with physicist

Answer 12

Dr. Allan Cormack

Question 13

Both Godfrey Hounsfield and Dr. Allan Cormack were awarded the

Answer 13

1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine

Question 14

a medical imaging technique
used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body.

Answer 14

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 15

MRI scanners use
____(3) to
generate images of the organs in the body.

Answer 15

strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves

Question 16

the inventor of the first magnetic
resonance scanning machine.

Answer 16

Raymond Damadian,

Question 17

*Uses magnets and radiowaves
*Cannot be used on patients who have
metal in their body
*Slow

Answer 17

MRI

Question 18

*Uses ionizing radiation
*Can be used on any patient
*Fast

Answer 18

CT

Question 19

• specialized medical imaging that uses a low-dose xray system to see inside the breasts.

Answer 19

Mammography

Question 20

A mammography exam, called
a ____, aids in the early detection and diagnosis of breast
diseases in women.

Answer 20

mammogram

Question 21

Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of the breast uses a powerful magnetic field, radiowaves
and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the structures within
the breast.

Answer 21

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Breast

Question 22

a diagnostic imaging technique based on the
application of ___. It is used to see internal body structures
such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal
organs

Answer 22

Ultrasound

Question 23

uses ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer
treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear
accelerator

Answer 23

Radiation Therapy

Question 24

are involved in treatment planning and dose
calculations

Answer 24

Medical dosimetrists

Question 25

* Involved the treatment of diseases * Use high level of ionized radiation (megavolt) to kill cancerous cells

Answer 25

Radiation Therapy

Question 26

is a modern high precision technology for treatment of cancer, benign and malign tumors in different parts of the body without surgical interference, on out-patient basis, without pain and returning to everyday routines as soon as possible.

Answer 26

CyberKnife

Question 27

CyberKnife

Answer 27

Robotic stereotactic radiosurgery system

Question 28

– invented the CyberKnife, neurosurgeon in Stanford. USA

Answer 28

- Dr. John Adler

Question 29

# Advantages of___ * More radiation to the target * Less radiation to healthy tissue * Safe alternative to radiation (tumors that cannot be treated with traditional radiation because they are too close to critical brain, spinal cord, or other tissue.) * Advanced imaging for treatment planning *Real-time tumor tracking:

Answer 29

CyberKnife

Question 30

a very precise form of radiation therapy that focuses intense beams of gamma rays with pinpoint accuracy to treat lesions in the brain.

Answer 30

Gamma Knife

Question 31

developed the Gamma Knife, a Swedish neurosurgeon

Answer 31

Dr. Lars Leksell

Question 32

is the medical use of gamma raysfrom the radioisotope cobalt-60 to treat conditions such as cancer.

Answer 32

Cobalt therapy or cobalt-60 therapy

Question 33

developed Cobalt therapy

Answer 33

1951, University of Saskatchewan medical physicist **Dr. Harold Johns**

Question 34

is the device most commonly used for external beam radiation treatments for patients with cancer. The — is used to treat all parts/organs of the body.

Answer 34

linear accelerator (LINAC)

Question 35

# who and when begin building a medical linear accelerator.

Answer 35

1952: Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

Question 36

is a type of radiation therapy — a treatment that uses highenergy beams to treat tumors.

Answer 36

Proton therapy

Question 37

most technologically advanced method to deliver radiation treatment to cancerous tumors available today. Both x-rays and protons damage cancer cells but, unlike standard radiation therapy, ____ deposits the majority of the radiation dose directly into the tumor.

Answer 37

proton therapy

Question 38

* Is the most precise form of radiation treatment available today. * Destroys the primary tumor site while leaving surrounding healthy tissue and organs intact and unharmed. * Avoids many of the typical side effects of standard x-ray radiation. * Is non-invasive and painless and delivered as an outpatient procedure.

Answer 38

Proton therapy:

Question 39

Is a highly effective treatment for a wide range of localized tumors in head and neck area, lung, prostate, bladder, spinal cord, gastro malignancies, and ocular tumors, among others.

Answer 39

Proton therapy

Question 40

Proton therapy can take up to __ days for certain conditions or up to __ weeks depending on tumor sites.

Answer 40

5days; 8 weeks

Question 41

* Is a highly preferred radiation treatment option for pediatric cases. Children are susceptible to injury from standard x-ray radiation because their tissues and organs are growing rapidly.

Answer 41

Proton therapy

Question 42

an x-ray technique in which dye is injected into the chambers of your heart or the arteries that lead to your heart (the coronary arteries).

Answer 42

Angiography

Question 43

# Types of angiography to check the heart and nearby blood vessels.

Answer 43

coronary angiography –

Question 44

# Types of angiography to check the blood vessels in and around the brain

Answer 44

*cerebral angiography

Question 45

# Types of angiography to check the blood vessels supplying the lungs

Answer 45

pulmonary angiography –

Question 46

# Types of angiography to check the blood vessels supplying the kidneys.

Answer 46

renal angiography

Question 47

SUB SPECIALITY IN ANGIOGRAPHY (2)

Answer 47

* Cardiovascular Interventional Technology * Vascular Interventional Technology

Question 48

- a test that calculates bone density quickly and accurately. The test uses a very small dose of ionizing radiation to take pictures inside the body, normally the lower spine and hip, to measure bone loss.

Answer 48

Bone densitometry, or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, also called DXA or DEXA

Question 49

shockwaves that break up kidney stones

Answer 49

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 50

* Uses radioactive isotopes to produce images * Radiation comes from within the patient

Answer 50

Nuclear Medicine

Question 51

Gamma camera (who)

Answer 51

Hal Anger

Question 52

During a ___, a very small, safe amount of **tracer** is injected into a vein; the tracer emits gamma rays that are detected by a special camera positioned near the affected organ. The tracer remains in the body only a short period of time, then is eliminated by urine or stool.

Answer 52

nuclear medicine test

Question 53

a three-dimensional nuclear medicine imaging technique combining the information gained from scintigraphy with that of computed tomography

Answer 53

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 54

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) (3)

Answer 54

Single Head Scanner Dual Head Scanner Triple Head Scanner

Question 55

uses small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers, a special camera and a computer to help evaluate your organ and tissue functions. By identifying body changes at the cellular level, may detect the early onset of disease before it is evident on other imaging tests.

Answer 55

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 56

an imaging test that shows how blood goes to the heart at rest and during exercise.

Answer 56

Nuclear Stress Test

Question 57

the acquisition of a single image of a particular structure.

Answer 57

Static Imaging

Question 58

Types of Image Acquisition (3)

Answer 58

1. Static Imaging 2. Dynamic Imaging 3. Gated Imaging

Question 59

Dynamic images display the distribution of a particular radiopharmaceutical over a specific period.

Answer 59

2. Dynamic Imaging

Question 60

The scan is termed “” because it is a study that is performed in time with the heart rhythm or heartbeat. The data in between 2 heart beats (1 cardiac or heart cycle) are divided into a number of sections, usually 8. labelling the red blood cells in your blood with a radiopharmaceutical and then measuring the amount of blood in the heart during different parts of the heartbeat

Answer 60

Gated Imaging

Question 61

Hybrid Imaging Systems

Answer 61

1. PET/CT 2. PET/MRI 3. SPECT/CT

Question 62

Combines ’s functional imaging with ’s detailed anatomical imaging for **precise localization of metabolic activity.**

Answer 62

PET/CT

Question 63

Merges with , offering superior **soft-tissue contrast** and reduced radiation exposure compared to CT

Answer 63

PET/MRI:

Question 64

Integrates with to improve **localization and diagnostic accuracy.**

Answer 64

SPECT/CT

Question 65

* Detect gamma rays from radiopharmaceutical s to create 2D images. * Often used for whole-body bone scans, thyroid scans, and renal function studies.

Answer 65

Gamma Cameras (Planar Scintigraphy)

Question 66

* Measures real-time physiological processes, such as blood flow, organ function, or tracer kinetics. * Used for renal scans, hepatobiliary studies, and cardiac first-pass imaging.

Answer 66

Dynamic Imaging Systems

Question 67

* Combines diagnostic imaging with therapeutic applications using radiopharmaceuticals like Lutetium-177 or Iodine-131. * Often utilized in personalized treatment approaches for cancer (e.g., prostate or thyroid cancer).

Answer 67

Theranostic Imaging

Question 68

Provides technical or clinical assistance during marketing and sales processes. Trains and ensures that customers (including the “end-users” i.e. the medical imaging techs) are properly and optimally able to operate the medical imaging equipment they have purchased.

Answer 68

Application Specialist