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HEALTH TEACHING TOPICS Flashcards

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1
Q

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was
established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in

A

1976

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2
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was To ensure that

A

infants/children and mothers have
access to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines.

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3
Q

Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included
in the EPI

A

tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis and measles

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4
Q

Vaccines under the EPI are

A

BCG birth dose
Hepatitis B
birth dose

Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Pentavalent Vaccine,
Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine,
Measles, Mumps, Rubella) and Tetanus Toxoid

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13

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5
Q

. In 2014,
_____ was included in the
routine immunization of EPI.

A

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13

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6
Q

This 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will
transition to become the

A

National Immunization Program.

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7
Q

National Immunization Program. It
will include immunizations of

A

other populations such as
senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and
adolescent immunizations

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8
Q

GOAL OF EPI
* Over-all Goal:

A

To reduce the morbidity and mortality
among children against the most common vaccinepreventable diseases

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9
Q

Target of the program: EPI

A

Achieve 95% Fully Immunized
Child Coverage

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10
Q

Recipients of the Program:

A

The program sought to provide immunizations for
infants (0-1 year of age) children (mandatory for
under 5 years old) for maximum immunity against
the six vaccine preventable diseases

Every
Wednesday is designated as immunization day and is adopted in all parts of the country

Immunization is
done monthly in barangay health stations, quarterly
(ukon kaisa kada tatlo ka bulan) in remote areas of
the country.

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11
Q

PROPER WAY OF ADMINISTERING VACCINE

The vaccines under EPI are

A

BCG, Hepatitis B, DPT
(diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus), Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
(OPV), Rotavirus vaccine (Rotavax), Pneumococcal
Conjugate Vaccine (PCV), MCV 1 (Anti-Measels Vaccine),
MCV 2 (Measles, Mumps, Rubella - MMR) and Tetanus
Toxoid.

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12
Q

IMMUNIZATION ON TETANUS TOXOID

A

vaccines used to prevent tetanus (also
known as lockjaw)

caused by Clostridium
tetani bacteria

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13
Q

Tetanus is a serious illness that causes

A

convulsions (seizures) and severe muscle spasms that can
be strong enough to cause bone fractures of the spine.

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14
Q

The first dose of tetanus toxoid is given at the

A

pregnant
mother the 1st contact at birth

It is given 0.5 ml dose intramuscularly specifically at the left
deltoid muscle

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15
Q

HEPA B

A

Hepa B to prevent Hepatitis B. Composed of RNA recombinant plasma derived (virus), it is given to the child:
0.5 mL single dose at birth.

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16
Q

DPT

A

DPT to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

It is given to the child at 6 wks, 10 wks, and 14 wks of age
(three doses : 0.5 mL per dose)

STUDY

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17
Q

OPV / Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

A

to prevent polio

This type
is composed of a live attenuated virus. Given to the child
orally at 6 wks, 10 wks, and 14 wks of age (three doses
: 0.1 mL or 2 drops per dose)

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18
Q

ROTAVAX

A

to prevent rotavirus. Having a live attenuated
virus, it is given to the child orally at 6wks and 10wks of
age (two doses : 1 mL per dose)

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19
Q

PVC OR PNEMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE

A

to prevent
pneumonia and meningitis.

. It is composed of a conjugate,
and given to the child at 2mos, 4mos, 6mos, and 12-
15mos of age (four doses : 0.5 mL per dose).

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20
Q

MCV / MEASLES CONTAINING VACCINES

A

There are two types of MCV or Measles Containing
Vaccines. MCV1 is used to prevent measles. This type of
vaccine is composed of a live attenuated virus, and it is
given to the child: 0.5 mL single dose at 6-9mos of age.
* MCV2 or MMR to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella.
This type of vaccine is also composed of a live attenuated
virus, and it is given to the child: 0.5 mL single dose at 12-
15 mos of age.

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21
Q

Herbal medicine is the use of plants, or parts of plants, to
treat injuries or illnesses, to improve overall health and
wellness. It is one of the oldest forms of medicine, dating
back to the ____, about 60,000 years ago.

A

Paleolithic age

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22
Q

also known as the “Traditional and
Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997,”

A

Republic Act 8423,

is a Philippine
law that recognizes the importance of traditional and
alternative medicine in the country’s healthcare system

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23
Q

STUDY 10 HERBAL MEDICINE

A
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24
Q

PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS

A

occur when one treatment affects the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or excretion of another
treatment in the body

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25
PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS or example
For example, bawang (garlic), a herbal remedy used to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, can induce the activity of certain enzymes in the liver that break down many drugs, such as anticoagulants, contraceptives, and antiretrovirals. This can reduce the blood levels and effectiveness of these drugs, and increase the risk of treatment failure or resistance.
26
PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS
occur when one treatment affects the action or response of another treatment at the target site, such as a receptor, an enzyme, or a channel
27
PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS or example
For example, ampalaya (bitter melon), a herbal remedy used for diabetes, can lower the blood sugar levels and enhance the effects of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. This can cause hypoglycemia or low blood sugar, which can be dangerous if not treated promptly.
28
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
The sum total of knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.
29
Acupuncture
This involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow. It is often used for pain management, nausea relief, and promoting overall well-being
30
Ayurveda
An ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes balancing the body’s energies. This addresses various health conditions through personalized diets, herbal remedies, and lifestyle adjustments.
31
Homeopathy
Based on the principle of “like cures like”, using highly diluted substances to stimulate the body’s healing response. This is commonly employed for allergies, digestive issues, and chronic conditions.
32
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Encompasses acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy, focusing on balancing vital energies. This addresses a range of conditions, including pain, digestive disorders, and emotional well-being
33
Food fortification
is defined as the practice of adding vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods during processing to increase their nutritional value.
34
“THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF 2000”
R.A 8976
35
R.A 8976 “THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF 2000” It uses the ____ to encourage food manufacturers to fortify their products.
Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program (SPSP)
36
R.A 8976 “THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF 2000” It was signed into law by Former President
Joseph Ejercito Estrada on November 2, 2000.
37
The primary goal of RA 8976 is to improve the
nutritional status of the Filipino population by fortifying staple foods with essential micronutrients.
38
RA 8976 specifies the essential micronutrients that should be added to the fortified foods. These include
iron, iodine, Vitamin A, and other nutrients that are crucial for proper growth, development, and overall health.
39
“AN ACT PROMOTING SALT IODIZATION NATIONWIDE AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES”
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8172
40
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8172
require all producers manufacturers of food-grade salt to iodize the salt that they produce, manufacture, import, trade or distribute
41
CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE FOOD FORTIFICATION
1. The intake of the nutrient is below the desirable level in the diets of a significant number of people. 2. The food used to supply the nutrient is likely to be consumed in quantities that will make a significant contribution to the diet of the population in need. 3. The addition of the nutrient is not likely to create an imbalance of essential nutrients 4. The nutrient is stable under proper conditions of storage and use. 5. The nutrient is physiologically available from the food. 6. There is reasonable assurance against excessive intake to a level of toxicity.
42
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS Mass Fortification
Designed for the general public and is usually mandatory
43
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS 2. Target Fortification
Designed for a specific population subgroup and can be either mandatory or voluntary, depending on the severity of the public health issue it aims to tackle
44
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS Market-Driven Fortification:
Allows voluntary fortification of foods by manufacturers available in the marketplace but it operates under regulatory limits set by authorities. The food manufacturer chooses to add one or more micronutrients to processed foods in compliance with government regulations and standards
45
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS Biofortification
: Advanced technique applied during crop production to improve the nutritional value, especially, essential micronutrients like minerals and vitamins through innovative biotechnology practices. It includes breeding and genetic modification of plants to increase their nutrient content
46
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS Point-of-Use/Home Fortification
Incorporation of minerals and vitamins to food that has been cooked and ready for consumption. It is also known as 'point-of-use' fortification, which can take place in various settings including schools and refugee camps.
47
Fortification TYPES AND METHODS Household and Community Fortification
: Fortification of foods with one or more micro-nutrient at the household level. It is considered a combination of supplementation and fortification.
48
COMPLICATIONS OF UNDERNUTRITION
Muscle function Cardio-respiratory function- Gastrointestinal function Immunity and wound healing- Psychosocial effects- sTUDY\
49
SAMPLES AND TYPES OF FORTIFIED FOODS Fortification of Rice with Iron
Aimed to enhance bioavailable iron intake in the Filipino diet and reduce anemia by fortifying rice at 3 mg per 100 g
50
Iodization of Salt
Republic Act No. 8172, enacted in November 1995, is committed to achieving universal salt iodization to address not only goiter but all types of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders (IDD)
51
Fortification of Margarine with Vitamin A
the vitamin A– fortified margarine became the first food product to be awarded the Department of Health's Sangkap Pinoy seal, signifying proper fortification and highquality standards as recognized by the government.
52
Fortification of Wheat Flour with Vitamin A
The study demonstrated an impressive 80% retention of added vitamin A in both the flour and baked pandesal over one month, with no significant changes in color, odor, or flavor.
53
Fortification of Cooking Oil with Vitamin A
Commercially available nationwide and carrying the Sangkap Pinoy seal, an efficacy trial on the vitamin A–fortified cooking oil is planned in collaboration with the Philippine Coconut Authority
54
Fortification of Processed Food
The Sangkap Pinoy seal program, operating in tandem with food fortification efforts, strives to incentivize food manufacturers to produce highquality fortified products. This seal is awarded to manufacturers meeting standards for fortifying products with vitamin A, iron, and iodine
55
Tb Caused by a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
56
World’s second most common cause of death from infectious disease after HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis (TB)
57
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2. Avian Tuberculosis 3. Bovine Tuberculosis 4. Miliary Tuberculosis / Disseminated Tuberculosis
(Micobacterium avium; of birds) (Mycobacterium bovis; of cattle) (invade the blood stream and spread to all body organs.
58
There are two different types of tests for TB infection, a blood test and a skin test.
With a blood test, a small amount of your blood is taken for the test. o With a TST skin test, a small amount of fluid is placed under the skin of the forearm and requires two visits
59
TREATMENT FOR LATENT TB INFECTION
* Should take medicine to prevent the development of TB disease, even though they don’t feel sick. * Treatment is highly recommended for people who have a higher risk of developing TB disease once they have TB infection. * This includes people with HIV infection, people who were recently exposed to someone with TB disease, and people with certain medical conditions such as substance users, diabetes, RA, and Crohn’s disease.
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CHN FINALS (9 decks)

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