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Human Resources Study Notes > Health, Wellness & Safe Workplaces > Flashcards

Health, Wellness & Safe Workplaces Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of Health and Safety Legislation?

A

prime purpose is to prevent workplace accidents, including incidents that could lead to them and illness

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2
Q

What does Health and Safety Legislation outline?

A
  • legislation outlines the need for proper protocols, protections, monitoring, reporting and training
  • every province and territory has regulations covering occupational health and safety
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3
Q

What are federally regulated industries regulated by?

A
  • Federally regulated industries are regulated by the Canada Labour Code
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4
Q

What is Due Diligence?

A
  • requires all employers to take every reasonable precaution to prevent workplace accidents, incidents or illness
  • the expected standard is measured against what a ‘reasonable’ person would expect
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5
Q

What are compliance processes used by regulators?

A
  • inspecting workplaces
  • issuing orders
  • investigating of accidents
  • investigating work refusals as a result of perceived or actual unsafe work condition
  • resolving disputes
  • issuing fines and closures
  • prosecuting negligent parties
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6
Q

What is Bill C-45?

A
  • allows for personal fines and imprisonment (amendment to the Canadian criminal code which establish new role for attributing criminal liability to organizations including their executives and operational managers. Can be imprisonment and or personally fined if caught liable for anything related to health and safety).
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7
Q

What is Management Responsible for?

A

Management Responsibilities include monitoring, reporting and maintaining records about:
- Incidents
- Hazards
- Accidents
- Occupational Injuries
- Lost-Time Injuries
- Occupational Illnesses

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8
Q

What are incidents?

A

events that could lead to an accident or negative impact to a property or process but didn’t

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9
Q

What are hazards?

A

conditions that have the potential to cause harm

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10
Q

What are accidents?

A

events that caused harm to people, property or a process

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11
Q

What are loss time injuries?

A

work-related injuries that result in employees missing work time

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12
Q

What are occupational illnesses?

A

abnormal health conditions or disorders caused from working

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13
Q

What are occupational injuries?

A

work-related injuries (ex: cut, break, sprain, etc)

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14
Q

What are the Employees Responsibilities?

A
  • working safely
  • wearing protective equipment
  • complying with safety policies
  • reporting defective equipment
  • reporting workplace hazards
  • reporting unsafe work practices except police and firefighters because as per definition their job is high risk.
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15
Q

What are Supervisors Responsible for?

A
  • advising employees of potential workplace hazards
  • ensuring workers use safety equipment and devices
  • ensuring workers wear protective clothing
  • providing written work instructions
  • complying with due diligence protocols
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16
Q

What is the Health and Safety Committee Responsible for?

A
  • supporting safety collaboration
  • conducting safety inspections
  • investigate work refusals and stoppage
  • investigate accidents
  • respond to concerns
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17
Q

What is the Health and Safety Representatives Responsible for?

A
  • All the same responsibilities as the H&S Committee
  • supporting safety collaboration
  • conducting safety inspections
  • investigate work refusals and stoppage
  • investigate accidents
  • respond to concerns
  • Maintain up to date records
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18
Q

What is required when it comes to Record Keeping?

A
  • all data and records required by each and every health and safety related regulation
  • preventative maintenance records
  • work permits to perform dangerous work
  • safety training schedules and records
  • Healthy & Safety written procedures and policies
  • Data obtained at all stages of a hazard control process
  • Reports pertaining to all hazards, illnesses and injuries
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19
Q

What are the Employees Rights?

A
  • Right to know
  • Right to refuse unsafe work
  • Right to participate in the protection of their own health and safety
  • Right to stop
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20
Q

What is Workers’ Compensation?

A
  • no-fault insurance
  • employers pay all premiums
  • provides workers with compensation when they are unable to work
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21
Q

What does Workers’ Compensation Benefits to Workers Include?

A
  • benefits to cover loss of earnings
  • benefits to compensate for non-economic loss
  • loss of retirement income
  • benefits for future economic loss
  • health care benefits, equipment, supplies
  • occupational disease and survival benefits
  • benefits for seriously injured workers
  • benefits for survivors
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22
Q

What are the 3 Causes of Hazards?

A
  • Human Factors
  • Environmental Factors
  • Situational Factors
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23
Q

What are Human Factors for Hazards?

A

includes human error, laziness, carelessness, things that shouldn’t happen and can be fixed.

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24
Q

What are Environmental Factors for Hazards?

A

the condition of the work environment like loud noises or cold temperatures; and conditions that are integral to the job and cannot be fixed or changed. Ex: cannot turn up the heat in a meat factory.

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25
Q

What are Situational Factors for Hazards?

A

include operations, equipment or materials that contribute to accident situations. Ex: if a worker received an electrical shock or tripped on something

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26
Q

What are some methods for identifying Hazards?

A
  • walk-through surveys - safety professional touring the workplace in search of hazards
  • safety sampling (behaviour sampling) - documentation of observations of potential hazards in the workplace after watching people in the workplace.
  • task and job inventories - highlight the accident risks/hazards inherent in performing the job
  • historical safety records
  • incident investigations
  • safety audits
  • employee complaints
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27
Q

What is the Most Common form of Hazard Analysis?

A

The Analytical Tree:
- Positive tree: shows the proper way of doing a job
- Fault tree: shows the things that can go wrong

28
Q

What do Risk Assessments consider?

A
  • Frequency: measures of how often someone is exposed to a hazard as a part of their normal job
  • Severity: projects the consequences of the hazard
  • Probability: estimates the likelihood of an accident occurring given the hazard and its frequency
29
Q

What are the methods for Eliminating Hazards?

A
  1. Elimination
  2. Engineering Controls
  3. Administrative Controls
  4. PPE
30
Q

What does Elimination entail with regards to Eliminating Hazards?

A

wherever possible the best control is to eliminate the hazard

31
Q

What are Engineering Controls with regards to Eliminating Hazards?

A

the use of metal guards, shields, barriers, etc

32
Q

What are Administrative Controls with regards to Eliminating Hazards?

A

Ensuring proper processes, instruction, training, rotating shifts, etc

33
Q

What is PPE?

A

wearing masks, gloves, aprons, hard hats, steel-toe boots (3rd line of defence and not sufficient on it’s own, needs to be accompanied by the other methods)

34
Q

How much does an accident cost?

A
  • Workers Compensation premiums may go up
  • overtime pay may be necessary
  • lower productivity may result
  • worker fatigue may result in more errors
  • customer dissatisfaction may result in more errors
  • customer may suffer negative impacts
  • employee has personal suffering
  • staff morale may suffer
  • company reputation may suffer
35
Q

How do you calculate Frequency Track Record?

A

Number of injuries x 200,000 divided by Total Hours Worked

36
Q

How do you calculate Severity Track Record?

A

Number of days lost to injury x 200,000 divided by Total hours worked

37
Q

What are the occupations with the highest risk of hearing damage?

A

farmers, cafeteria and construction workers are among the occupations at the highest risk of hearing damage

38
Q

What are some of the Equipment used to measure Noise Condition?

A
  1. Sound Pressure Level Meter: measure gross noise levels in decibels
  2. Octave Band Analyzer: measures noise frequency range
  3. Dosimeter: measure employee exposure as a percentage of work time
  4. Audiometer: measures employee hearing sensitivity
39
Q

What are the types of Vibration?

A
  1. Segmental Vibration: affecting only a particular body part (ex: stiff neck, joint paints, circulation issue of the finger)
  2. Whole Body Vibration: can result in fatigue, circulatory problems, headaches
40
Q

How is Vibration evaluated?

A
  • intensity
  • frequency
  • duration

Vibration can cause irreversible circulation damage

41
Q

What is Thermal Stress & what can it cause?

A
  • Exposure to extreme cold can cause hypothermia, chilblains and frostbite
  • Exposure to extreme heat can cause swelling, heat rash, heat cramps, heat stroke and fainting
42
Q

How can exposure to Heat occur?

A
  1. Conduction: touching something (touching a hot stove)
  2. Convection: standing close to something (standing close to a hot oven)
  3. Radiation: being exposed to radiation waves
43
Q

What is Ionizing Radiation?

A

x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons

44
Q

What is Non-Ionizing Radiation?

A

ultra-violet radiation, visible radiation, infrared radiation, microwave radiation, radio waves (the sun, video display terminals are examples)

45
Q

How is Radiation controlled?

A

Radiation is controlled through engineering controls (shields, warning lights, walls), administrative controls (regular inspections, labeling and operating procedures) and PPE (lead aprons at the dentist)

46
Q

Important information about Chemical Hazards

A
  • Chemical Reaction Category includes vapours.
  • Physical Action Category includes airborne particles
  • Chemical States include solid, liquid and gas
  • Chemical Contaminants include dust, fumes, smoke, mist, liquid, vapour gas
  • Chemical agent - any of the chemicals in use in North America
47
Q

How can Chemical Hazards cause harm?

A
  • inhaled
  • ingested
  • absorbed through the skin
  • penetrated through direct contact with a cut or injected through a needle
48
Q

What are some ways you can control Hazards?

A
  • substitute
  • isolate
  • improve ventilation
  • use engineering controls
  • use administrative controls
  • use PPE
49
Q

What is Workplace Hazards Materials Information System (WHIMIS)?

A
  • Provides information about hazardous material such as:
    • how to store hazardous materials
    • how to handle hazardous
      materials
    • how to dispose of hazardous
      materials
    • how to clean up a spill
    • how to treat an exposure
50
Q

What are Safety Data Sheets (SDS)?

A
  • provide information about the product hazards of a product and advice about safety precautions.
  • Updated every 3 years
51
Q

What causes Cumulative Trauma Disorders?

A
  • unnatural joint position or posture
  • application of force to hinge joints
  • repetition
  • pre-existing conditions
  • Ergonomics is a good preventative measure (ex: ensuring the desks, chairs and keyboards are properly designed, positioned, etc)
  • Example - Repetitive Strain Injury (RPI) and overuse syndrome
52
Q

What are some examples of Communicable Diseases?

A
  • Athlete’s foot
  • cold sores
  • Skin rash
  • HIV, AIDS
  • Ebola
  • measles
  • tuberculosis
  • Flu
53
Q

What are some examples of Workplace Violence?

A
  • threatening gestures
  • shaking fist
  • verbal threats
  • verbal abuse, includes swearing
  • hitting
  • shoving
  • pushing
  • kicking
  • nurses find themselves at risk of greater levels of violence
54
Q

What is Type I Violence?

A
  • Random - usually associated with a criminal act (ex: a robber attacking a store clerk)
  • Can control through protective screens, barriers
55
Q

What is Type II Violence?

A
  • Committed by clients or customers (ex: nurses)
  • Can control through surveillance cameras, effective lighting, presence of security personnel, card controlled entrances (these are examples of environmental strategies) Administrative strategies: policies and procedures, Training is another strategy
56
Q

What is Type III Violence?

A
  • committed by co-workers and includes bullying
  • Can be controlled through eliminating triggers that cause aggression, creating an open, collaborative and transparent environment, conflict resolution processes and training will help individuals manage their own behaviours
57
Q

What is Type IV Violence?

A
  • committed by family member (spouse or the victims partner)
  • can be helped via employee and family assistance programs, temporary accommodation as required (doesn’t typically happen in the workplace but it does impact the workplace) - managers should be aware of the assistance that can be provided
58
Q

What are Psychosocial Hazards?

A

includes stressors (hazards that happen in a social environment and impact an individuals psychological well-being)

59
Q

What are the different types of Stress?

A
  • Acute Stress: short-term
  • Chronic Stress - long-term
  • Daily Stress - regular
  • Catastrophic Stress - significant event
  • Eustress - positive stress that is usually accompanied by excitement and higher productivity (ex: a deadline you need to meet may actually help you be more productive)
60
Q

What are some examples of causes of stress?

A
  • unclear job responsibilities
  • role conflict
  • feelings of being unheard, feel like you cannot complain about working conditions
  • co-worker relations
  • prejudice
  • poor working conditions
  • lack of job security
  • no positive feedback
  • personal temperament (ex: Type A Personality)
    -BURNOUT: sever stress resulting in emotional exhaustion (can lead to increased alcohol or drug use)
61
Q

What are some controls for stress?

A
  • Proper hiring
  • wellness programs
  • Fitness programs
  • employee assistance programs
  • counselling
  • affective communication
  • regular feedback
  • training
62
Q

What is Ergonomics?

A

the study of relationships between physical attributes of workers and their work environment to reduce physical and mental strain and increase productivity and quality of life.

63
Q

What are the types of health hazards?

A
  1. Physical Agents: exposure to physical elements
  2. Biological Agents: exposure to natural organisms such as viruses
  3. Ergonomically related: caused by the work environment (i.e. repetitive strain)
64
Q

At what stage of a fire are flames first visible?
a) Free-burning stage
b) Incipient stage
c) Uncontrolled stage
d) Smouldering stage

A

a) Free-burning stage

65
Q

What are the different Classes of Fire?

A

Class A – Combustible materials.
Class B – Flammable liquids.
Class C – Flammable gases.
Class D – Burning metals.
Class E - Electrical fires.
Class F – Cooking oils and fats.

Human Resources Study Notes (9 decks)

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