health year 11 sem two exam Flashcards
(62 cards)
What is the Health Belief Model (HBM)?
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological framework used to understand and predict individuals’ health behavior. It helps explain why people may or may not engage in healthy behaviors.
Why is the HBM an effective model?
By understanding the factors that influence health choices, programs and initiatives can address barriers, improve knowledge, and increase motivation to act.
What are “Perceived Benefits” in the HBM?
The belief that taking action will reduce the risk or severity of a condition. People are more likely to engage in a behavior if they believe it will have a positive outcome.
Define “Perceived Susceptibility” in the HBM.
The belief about the likelihood of developing a health condition. People are more likely to take action if they feel personally at risk.
What is “Perceived Severity” in the HBM?
The belief about the seriousness of a condition and its potential consequences. If individuals believe a condition has serious repercussions, they are more likely to act.
Explain “Perceived Barriers” in the HBM.
The belief about obstacles that may prevent taking action, such as cost or discomfort. If perceived barriers are low, people are more likely to act.
What is “Self-Efficacy” in the context of the HBM?
The belief in one’s ability to successfully take action. High self-efficacy increases the likelihood of engaging in healthy behaviors.
Front: What are “Cues to Action” in the HBM?
External or internal triggers that prompt action, such as reminders from a doctor or public campaigns. These can serve as incentives to take action.
What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
The Ottawa Charter is a framework created in 1986 by the World Health Organization to guide global health promotion. It outlines strategies to achieve “Health for All” through five action areas.
Name the five key action areas of the Ottawa Charter.
The five action areas are:
- Build healthy public policy
2.Create supportive environments
3.Strengthen community action - Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
What does “Building Healthy Public Policy” mean in the Ottawa Charter?
This action involves developing policies that support health, such as legislation, regulations, and taxes. It ensures that health is considered in all policy areas to improve the health of the population.
Explain “Creating Supportive Environments” in the Ottawa Charter.
Creating supportive environments means making social and physical environments safer, healthier, and more sustainable. It focuses on improving the places where people live, work, and play to promote well-being.
What does “Strengthening Community Action” involve?
Strengthening community action involves empowering communities to take control of their health by participating in decision-making and developing health-promoting initiatives.
Describe “Developing Personal Skills” as per the Ottawa Charter.
Developing personal skills refers to providing education, information, and resources that help individuals make healthy choices and improve their own health and well-being.
What does “Reorienting Health Services” mean in the Ottawa Charter?
Reorienting health services means shifting the focus of health services from treating illness to promoting health and prevention. It encourages collaboration among healthcare providers and the community to support holistic health.
How is “Cues to Action” connected to the Ottawa Charter?
“Cues to Action” align with the Ottawa Charter’s goal to prompt individuals and communities to engage in health-promoting actions. For example, reminders from healthcare providers or public campaigns can encourage people to adopt healthier behaviors.
What is Health Promotion?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. It focuses on promoting well-being, preventing illness, and empowering individuals and communities to lead healthier lives.
Give an example of Health Promotion.
Examples of health promotion include public health campaigns, physical activity programs, anti-smoking initiatives, and policies that create healthier environments.
What is Health Prevention (or simply Prevention)?
Health prevention refers to actions or interventions aimed at preventing the onset of disease, reducing its progression, or minimizing its impact. It includes measures to avoid health risks and to protect health.
What is Primary Prevention?
Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease or injury by reducing risk factors. Examples include vaccinations, healthy lifestyle education, and public health policies like banning smoking in public places.
What are the Levels of Prevention?
There are three levels of prevention:
1.Primary Prevention
2.Secondary Prevention
3.Tertiary Prevention
Explain the difference between Health Promotion and Health Prevention.
Health promotion focuses on overall well-being and empowering people to make healthy choices, while health prevention targets specific actions to prevent diseases or reduce risk factors.
What is Secondary Prevention?
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. Examples include screenings like mammograms, blood pressure checks, and regular health check-ups.
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Tertiary prevention aims to manage and minimize the impact of an ongoing illness or injury, preventing complications and improving quality of life. Examples include rehabilitation, physical therapy, and chronic disease management programs.
