Healthcare Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the WHO definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the major limitation of the WHO definition of health
“complete” would mean that most of us would be classed as unhealthy most of the time
How have disease patterns changed since 1948?
1948 acute diseases presented the main burden of illness and chronic diseases led to early death
Public health measures such as improved nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation and more powerful healthcare interventions has created a shift in the number of people living, and ageing with chronic conditions
What is the effect of the increase in the number of people living with long-term health conditions (according to Huber)?
It minimises the role of the human capacity to cope autonomously with life’s ever changing physical, emotional, and social challenges and to function with fulfilment and a feeling of wellbeing with a chronic disease or disability
What are health disparities?
Differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups
What groups are most affected by health disparities?
Groups marginalized because of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, disability status, geographic location
When are health disparities referred to as health inequalities?
When they are the result of the systematic and unjust distribution of these critical conditions
Define health equality (Brennan Et al 2008 pp8)
When everyone has the opportunity to “attain their full health potential” and no one is “disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other sociallydeterminedcircumstance.”
What behavioural and social issues impact health?
Smoking, diet, nutrition and alcohol (which together account for many CHD and cancer deaths), poor diet leading to obesity (reducing life expectancy) or alternatively malnutrition, lack of physical exercise, sexual behaviour (for example, leading to infection or teenage pregnancy), and problems resulting from drug taking.
What are the protective factors listed in Labronte’s Community development approach to health promotion?
- Safe physical environments
- Supportive economic and social conditions
- Regular supply of nutritious food and Water
- Restricted access to tobacco and drugs
- Healthy public policy and organisational Practice
- Provision for meaningful, paid Employment
- Provision of affordable housing
What psychosocial factors are protective to health?
- Participation in civic activities and social engagement
- Strong social networks
- Feeling of trust
- Feeling of power and control over life decisions
- Supportive family structure
- Positive self-esteem
What effective health services are protective to health?
- Provision of preventative services
- Access to culturally appropriate health services
- Community participation in the planning and delivery of health services
What lifestyles are protective to health?
- Decreased use of tobacco and drugs
- Regular physical activity
- Balanced nutritional intake
- Positive mental health
- Safe sexual activity
What conditions are a risk to health?
- Poverty
- Low social status
- Dangerous work
- Polluted environment
- Natural resource depletion
- Discrimination (age, sex, race, disability)
- Steep power hierarchy (wealth, status, authority) within a community and workplace
What psychosocial factors are a risk to health?
- Poverty
- Low social status
- Dangerous work
- Polluted environment
- Natural resource depletion
- Discrimination (age, sex, race, disability)
- Steep power hierarchy (wealth, status, authority) within a community and workplace
What behavioural factors are a risk to health?
- Smoking
- Poor nutritional intake
- Physical inactivity
- Substance abuse
- Poor hygiene
- Being overweight
- Unsafe sexual activity
What physiological factors are a risk to health?
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Release of stress hormone
- Altered levels of biochemical markers
- Genetic factors
How does being overweight lead to ill-health?
heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, indigestion and some cancers. Adult and child obesity levels are becoming an increasing issue for the health service, as greater numbers of people put on extra weight, through poor diet or insufficient exercise
How does binge drinking lead to ill-health?
especially through cirrhosis of the liver, and through alcohol related violence resulting in emergency admission to hospital
How does smoking lead to ill-health?
major cause of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although it can, in addition, be a cause of, or contribute to, many other cancers and conditions, such as asthma or high blood pressure.
How do drugs lead to ill-health?
in particular addiction, can have a devastating effect on personal health and circumstances, as well as impacting on family, friends and communities.
What are the possible types of solutions?
- Policy making (at local/national/international level)
- New Initiatives
- Prevention
- Awareness Campaigns
What does the institute of medicine have to say about change?
“ It is unreasonable to expect that people will change their behaviour easily when so many forces in the social, cultural, and physical environment conspire against such change.”
Define; Morbidity
term used to describe how often a disease occurs in a specific area or is a term used to describe a focus on death. An example of morbidity is the number of people who have cancer.
