Healthy Problems Of Early Childhood Flashcards
Communicable diseases
Assessment to help identify disease
Recent exposure to known case
Know symptoms
Immunization history
Communicable disease nursing management
Primary prevention - health promotion/prevention Secondary - screenings Tertiary - disease treatment
Chicken pox
Varicella
Airborne, direct contact
Palpule, then vessicles (blisters), Crusts (scabs)
ARF infection because of itching.
- trim nails & oatmeal bath
In hospital, beg. Air pressure rooms
Varicella vaccine- live vaccine. Can’t give under 12 years of age
Fifth disease
The 5th most common disease for kids
Erythema infectiosum
- human parvovirus
- no pregnant women can be around kids with this because it causes spontaneous abortion
- preg. Mom’s away from her kids for 3-4 days
- high fever for 2-3 days and then bright red “slapped” cheeks
- after fever goes away, doily rash and no longer contagious once fever breaks
- goes away on its own
Roseola
Exanthema Subitum
• high fever for 3 days
• rash occurs 24 hours exactly after fever breaks
- head to toe rash
Scarlet Fever
Group B-Hemolytic Sterotococci
•white strawberry tongue progresses to red strawberry tongue
• awful rash can be on chest, arm pits, groin, elbow creases
•ANTIBIOTICS!!!!
- if don’t get antibiotics then at risk for glomuloneohritis & can cause kidneys to pass proteins and other macromolecules, which can cause you to seize.
***any sore throats for more than 2-3 days, get checked for strep
Whooping Cough
Caused by droplets (3 feet)
Catarrhal stage: lasts 1-2 weeks (coughing a lot but no “whoop” noise.
- fever for 3-4 days
Paroxysmal Stage: short, rapid cough followed by “whoop” noise, lasts 4-6 weeks
Antibiotic therapy for adults: Z pak
*if <12months of age hospitalized because airways are so small, if <6months, most likely to die because of such small airways.
Measles
Rubeola (MMR vaccine, live so >12 months)
Viral, not much to treat it
Respiratory infection
Koplik spots: little white spots with white/bluish hue on the mouth
Red rash: starts on the top of head and works its way down, after 3-4 days, rash turns brown
Mumps
Paramyxovirus
Fever, ear ache
On 3rd day, parotid gland (largest gland in head) enlarges and gets huge! (In neck)
ARF: swallowing issues, respiratory issues
Can cause deafness
ARF encephalitis if not under control
Conjunctivitis
“Pink eye”
•newborns, most likely chlamydia and if <1month, need to be seen and have it cultured
•infants, nasolacrimal tear duct obstruction
- if they keep getting it, they put a rod to the tear duct to open it up
•children: viral, bacterial, allergic
-viral: no antibiotics, no green goop, pink
- bacterial: green gooo, need antibiotics
+if kid >6 keeps getting pink eye and there’s Goop but never blocked tear ducts, it’s probably abuse because pink eye is a symptom of chlamydia
Stomatitis
Canker Sores •benign, painful • unknown etiology • always just one • healing tissue is flat and white, in the mouth
Heretic Gingivostomatitis
Multiple white, flat sores in the mouth
- very painful! Kids ARF dehydration. So, cool fluids, ibuprofen, and sometimes a few drops of milk of mag b/. It’ll coat the mouth
- fevers, bad breath
- herpatic whitlow: herpes virus passing the finger/thumb, b/c babies suck on their fingers or thumbs and cause little breaks in the skin, so their fingers/thumbs get it too. Lasts a week, goes away on its own
Intestinal parasites
Pinworm= but itch, especially at night
Girls also get it in vag
Diagnosis: scotch tape test
Treated once, then 9 days later I case eggs hatched
Tylenol ingestion
Hepatic injury:
Antidote: mucomyst (N-aceytlecysteine) PO
PARENTS NEED TO BE AWARE OF DOSAGE AND CONCENTRATION
Iron ingestion
Vitamins
Chelation therapy: defuroxine (desferal)
-forms a chelate & you pee it out/ poop it out
