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PHYSIOLOGY 1 > HEARING and EQUILIBRIUM > Flashcards

HEARING and EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Not only detect sound

They also help to maintain balance

A

Ears

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2
Q

Receptors for two sensory modalities (hearing and equilibrium) are housed in

A

Ear

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3
Q

Involved in HEARING

A

External ear
Middle ear
Cochlea of the inner ear

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4
Q

Involved with EQUILIBRIUM

A

Semicircular canals
Utricle
Saccule of the inner ear

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5
Q

Specialized type of receptor

A

Hair cells

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6
Q

Six groups of hair cells in inner cells

A

1 in the UTRICLE
1 in the THREE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
1 in the SACCULE
1 in the COCHLEA

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7
Q

Receptors in the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS detect

A

Rotational acceleration

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8
Q

UTRICLE detects

A

HORIZONTAL acceleration

HuVs

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9
Q

SACCULE detects

A

Vertical acceleration

HuVs

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10
Q

Funnels sound waves to the EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

A

External ear

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11
Q

From the external auditory meatus, sound waves pass inward to the

A

Tympanic membrane (EARDRUM)

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12
Q

Air-filled cavity in the TEMPORAL BONE that opens via the EUSTACHIAN (AUDITORY) TUBE into the nasopharynx to the exterior

A

Middle ear

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13
Q

This tube is usually closed, but during swallowing, chewing, yawning it opens and keep the air pressure on two sides of eardrum equalized

A

Eustachian (auditory tube)

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14
Q

They are located in the middle ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory ossicles

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15
Q

The handle of the MALLEUS

Attached to the back of tympanic membrane

A

Manubrium

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16
Q

Head of the manubrium is attached to the

A

Wall of MIDDLE EAR

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17
Q

SHORT PROCESSES of manubrium is attached to the _______ which then articulates with the HEAD of STAPES

A

Incus

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18
Q

It is named for resemblance to STIRRUP

Foot plate is attached by annular ligament to the walls of OVALS WINDOW

A

Stapes

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19
Q

Two skeletal muscles located in the middle ear

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

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20
Q

Pulls the manubrium of the malleus medially

Decreases the vibrations of the tympanic membrane

A

Tensor tympani

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21
Q

Pulls the footplate of the stapes out of the oval window

A

Stapedius

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22
Q

Made up of two parts

AKA labyrinth

A

Inner ear

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23
Q

Series of channels in the petrous portion of the TEMPORAL bone
Filled with perilymph

Study These Flashcards
A

Bony labyrinth

24
Q

Fluid that is low concentration of potassium

Similar to plasma and CSF

25
Inside bony channels that are surrounded by perilymph More or less duplicates the shape of the bony channels Filled with endolymph
Membranous labyrinth
26
Fluid that is rich in potassium
Endolymph
27
Three components of LABYRINTH/INNER EAR
Cochlea: for hearing Semicircular canals: for head rotation Otolith organs: responds to changes in gravity and head tilt
28
Coiled tube 35 mm long Makes two and three quarter turns
Cochlea
29
Basilar and Reissner membranes are divided into three chambers or SCALAE Contain perilymph
Upper scala VESTIBULI | Lower scala TYMPANI
30
Upper and lower scalae communicate with each other at
Apex of the cochlea through HELICOTREMA (small opening)
31
Scala vestibuli ends at | Closed by the footplate of the stapes
Oval window
32
Scala tympani ends at | A foramen on the medial wall of the middle ear closed by SECONDARY TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
Round window
33
Continuous with the membranous labyrinth | Does not communicate with the two scalae
Scala media/middle cochlear chamber
34
Extends from the apex to the base of the cochlea Spiral shape Contains highly specialized auditory receptors (hair cells) whose processes pierce the RETICULAR LAMINA (tough, membrane-like)
Organ of Corti
35
Support the reticular lamina
Pillar cells/rods of Corti
36
Four row arrangement of the hair cells
THREE rows of OUTER HAIR CELLS: lateral to the tunnel formed by the rods of Corti 20,000 90-95% of the sensory neurons innervation ONE row of INNER HAIR CELLS: medial to the tunnel 3500 5-10% of the sensory neurons innervation
37
Thin, viscous, elastic that covers the rows of the hair cells Tips of the hairs of the outer (not inner) are embedded
Tectorial membrane
38
The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that arborize around the bases of the hair cells are located in
Spiral ganglion (within modiolus)
39
Bony core around which the cochlea is wound
Modiolus
40
Most of the EFFERENT fibers in the auditory nerve terminate on
OUTER HAIR CELLS
41
Formed from the innervation of hair cells in the axons of AFFERENT neurons
Auditory (cochlear) division of the 8th cranial nerve
42
They prevent endolymph from reaching the bases of the cells in the cochlea
Tight junctions
43
Permeable to perilymph in the scala tympani
Basilar membrane
44
They are bathed in PERILYMPH
Organ of Corti | Bases of the hair cells
45
Why the arrangement is similar for the hair cells in other parts of the inner ear?
Because of similar tight junctions
46
Hair cells processes are bathed in
Endolymph
47
Bases of the hair cells are bathed in
Perilymph
48
Semicircular canals are ______ to each other in three planes of spce
Perpendicular
49
Receptor structure that is located in the AMPULLA (expanded end) of each membranous canals Consists of hair cells and sustentacular cells (supporting)
Crista ampullaris
50
This is gelatinous portion that closses off ampulla
Cupula
51
Bases of hair cells are in close contact with AFFERENT fibers of
Vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve
52
What are the otolith organs? | Where are they located
Saccule and Utricle | Near center of the membranous labyrinth
53
They are sensory epithelium of otolith organs Vertically oriented in SACCULE, Horizontally oriented in UTRICLE Contain supporting and hair cells, surrounded by OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE
Maculae
54
Otoliths are embedded crystals of
Calcium carbonate
55
They are called OTOCONIA or EAR DUST
Otoliths
56
Where do the processes of the hair cells embed?
Membrane
57
Where do nerve fibers from the hair cells join those from the cristae?
Vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve

PHYSIOLOGY 1 (1 decks)

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