Heart

Question 1

Where is the mediastinum?

Answer 1

Medial to lungs from the T2 to T12 vertebrae

Question 2

Where does the heart sit?

Answer 2

In the middle portion of the inferior mediastinum
Between the second rib and fifth intercostal space

Question 3

Base of heart

Answer 3

Superior; Where blood vessels attach at
Points to right shoulder

Question 4

Apex of heart

Answer 4

Inferior pointed area of heart
Points to left hip

Question 5

Why is the heart in the thorax?

Answer 5

Brain grows fast which causes head to bend under embryos body which leads to the heart in the thorax ❤️

Question 6

What are the layers of the heart?

Answer 6

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 7

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 7

Superficial layer of heart

Question 8

Pericardium

Answer 8

Superficial layer that protects, anchors, and allows for friction free movement

Question 9

Myocardium

Answer 9

Middle muscle layer that contracts/ moves

Question 10

How is cardiac muscle tissue arranged?

Answer 10

In circular or spiral patterns
This creates chambers

Question 11

Cardiac Muscle cells description

Answer 11

Short and branched
Myofibrils
One nucleus
Intercalated Discs

Question 12

Endocardium

Answer 12

Deep protective layer
Allows for blood to move through the heart without any resistance

Question 13

What lines the internal walls of the heart?

Answer 13

The endocardium

Question 14

Right side of the heart

Answer 14

Pulmonary Circuit
Lungs

Question 15

Left side of the heart

Answer 15

Systemic Circuit
Body systems

Question 16

What are the superior chambers of the heart called?

Answer 16

Atria/ atrium

Question 17

Where do atria recieve blood from?

Answer 17

From the Pulmonary and systemic circuits through veins

Question 18

Right atrium

Answer 18

Blood enters from Vena Cava + coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis ; remanent of the foramen ovale of fetal heart

Question 19

Left atrium

Answer 19

Blood enters from pulmonary veins

Question 20

Where does blood from the lungs flow back into?

Answer 20

The left atrium

Question 21

Interatrial septum

Answer 21

Myocardium layer that seperates the right and left atria

Question 22

Arteries move blood ___ from the heart and veins bring it ____

Answer 22

Away, In

Question 23

What are ventricles?

Answer 23

The exit or pumping chambers of the heart
Blood moves out of the arteries

Question 24

Right ventricle

Answer 24

Blood exits out of the pulmonaru trunk and to the pulmonary circuit

Question 25

Left Ventricle

Answer 25

Blood exits out of the aorta to the systemic circuit
includes the apex

Question 26

Interventricular septum

Answer 26

seperates the right and left ventricles

Question 27

Auricles

Answer 27

Folded extensions on external surface of atria

Question 28

Function of auricles

Answer 28

Increased blood volume that atria can contain

Question 29

Interventricular sulci

Answer 29

Depressions that seperate the ventricles and contain blood vessels
Anterior and superior

Question 30

Pectinate muscles

Answer 30

irregular internal ridges of atrial myocardium

Question 31

Trabeculae carnea

Answer 31

irregular internal ridges of the ventricular myocardium

Question 32

papillary muscles

Answer 32

large muscular projections into the ventricular cavity

Question 33

What do papillary muscles do?

Answer 33

They anchor the tendon cords of the AV valves to the walls of the heart

Question 34

How does the heart develop?

Answer 34

Starts off as two tubes that fuse to become one
Four bulges form
Heart bends causing atria to be superior and ventricles to be inferior
interventricular septum forms along midline of heart which creates a left and right side

Question 35

Why does the interatrial septum remain open at the foramen ovale?

Answer 35

Allows for oxygen- rich blood to bypass pulmonary circuit