Heart Flashcards
(31 cards)
Location of the heart
Fifth intercostal space
Midclavicular line
What forms the right border, the inferior border and the anterior space?
Right atrium (RB) and right ventricle (IB & AS)
What forms the apex and left border?
Left ventricle
Where does the deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava come from and to?
Superior= top half
Inferior=bottom half
To the right atrium
Where does the pulmonary trunk take deoxygenated blood to?
The lungs
Where does the pulmonary veins take oxygenated blood to?
Left atrium
Where does the aorta take oxygenated blood to?
Body
Fibrous pericardium
Tough covering for protection over the heart ( outermost layer)
What is in the Parietal layer
Fluid filled to reduce friction
Visceral layer
Wrapped around the heart ( touching the heart)
Pericardial space function
For effective pumping ( between parietal and visceral)
Serous pericardium
Lines the fibrous pericardium
Double layer of serous membrane
Parietal pericardium
Outer layer of serous pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Inner layer of pericardium,attached to myocardium below
Myocardium
Striated cardiac muscle
Cells rich with mitochondria and has a nucleus
Branches in contact with adjacent cell branches
Myocardium functionality
Cardiac cell arrangement performs like a sheet of muscle
Separate nerve supply’s not needed
Impulses spread from cells via the branches
Sheet arrangement allows for contractions to be coordinated
Are heart contractions voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Endocardium
Thin membrane lining the heart chambers and valves
Single layer of flattened epithelial cells
Very smooth to reduce friction from blood flowing over it
Purpose of values
To prevent blood backflow
Purpose of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
Ensures the valves doesn’t turn inside out
Tricuspid valves
In between atria and ventricles (atrioventricular valves)
Bicuspid valves
In between atria and aorta (semi lunar/ mitral)
How does the size and position of the heart change during pregnancy?
- heart is pushed upwards from 5th to 4th intercostal space
- size and volume of the heart increases due to increased venous filling
- resulting in enhanced cardiac performance
How much does blood volume increase by during pregnancy?
45-50%
