heart

Question 1

the heart is a —, muscular organ about the size of a —, located between the —

Answer 1

hollow; fist; lungs

Question 2

what is the apex of the heart and toward what direction is it pointed?

Answer 2

the tip and its pointed towards the left hip

Question 3

fibrous pericardium

Answer 3

provides protection and anchors heart in place

Question 4

serous pericardium

Answer 4

-made of parietal and visceral
-provides lubricating fluid, which collects in the paracardial cavity, to reduce friction of heart against other tissues

Question 5

pulmonary circuit

Answer 5

carries blood from heart to lungs & back, picks up O2 & releases CO2

Question 6

systemic circuit

Answer 6

carries blood from heart to body tissues and back, drops off O2, picks up CO2

Question 7

major blood vessels attached to the heart in the pulmonary circuit

Answer 7

-pulmonary trunk (branches into L and R pulmonary arteries)
-pulmonary veins

Question 8

major blood vessels attached to the heart in the systemic circuit

Answer 8

-venae cavea: superior and inferior
-aorta

Question 9

four chambers of the heart

Answer 9

-two atria (right and left atrium) on top to receive blood
-two ventricles (right and left ventricle) on bottom to pump blood back out

Question 10

which two chambers contain oxygenated blood

Answer 10

left side of the heart

Question 11

which two chamber contain deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

right side of the heart

Question 12

what structure separates the two sides of the heart

Answer 12

septum

Question 13

superior venae cavea

Answer 13

returns blood to the heart from the upper body

Question 14

right atrium

Answer 14

receives deoxygenated blood from the body tissues, covered by auricle

Question 15

coronary blood vessels

Answer 15

provide O2 to heart itself, veins-blue, arteries-red

Question 16

pulmonary veins

Answer 16

brings oxygenated blood from lungs

Question 17

right ventricle

Answer 17

receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium

Question 18

inferior venae cavea

Answer 18

returns blood to heart from lower body

Question 19

aorta

Answer 19

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

Question 20

pulmonary arteries

Answer 20

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up more O2

Question 21

left atrium

Answer 21

receives oxygenated blood from lungs, covered by auricle

Question 22

left ventricle

Answer 22

receives oxygenated blood from left atrium

Question 23

apex

Answer 23

tip of heart

Question 24

what structure covers the atria?

Answer 24

aurcle

Question 25

what is the function of the valves within the heart

Answer 25

flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 26

two sets of valves

Answer 26

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

Question 27

atrioventricular valves

Answer 27

-between atria and ventricles -R: tricuspid (3 flaps of tissue) -L: bicuspid (2 flaps of tissue)

Question 28

semilunar valves

Answer 28

-between ventricles and major blood vessels -R: pulmonary valve -L: aortic valve

Question 29

oxygenated blood flow

Answer 29

lungs--> pulmonary veins--> left atrium--> left ventricle--> aorta (to drop off O2 to the rest of the body)

Question 30

deoxygenated blood flow

Answer 30

body tissues--> superior and inferior venae cavea--> right atrium--> right ventricle--> pulmonary arteries--> lungs (to pick up more O2 and drop off CO2)

Question 31

pathway of the intrinsic conduction system

Answer 31

SA node--> AV node--> AV bundle--> bundle branches--> Purkinjean fibers

Question 32

how does the intrinsic conduction system regulate the heart?

Answer 32

-sets the pace for heart contractions -composed of special tissues able to generate their own impulse -sinoatrial (SA) node AKA cardiac pacemaker, begins the impulse, which causes contraction of the atria. -next...

Question 33

diastole

Answer 33

-relaxation of heart and filling with blood -atrial contraction (ventricles fill with blood) -AV valves close, making the first heart sound ("lub")

Question 34

systole

Answer 34

-contractions of the heart -isovolumetric contraction: ventricles are contracting with all the valves closed -ejection phase: pressure in the ventricles builds until the semilunar valves open and blood is released into blood vessels. blood is also refilling atria during this phase -semilunar valves close making the second heart sound ("dub") -isovolumetric relaxation: ventricles.....

Question 35

cardiac output

Answer 35

-amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 min -cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume

Question 36

heart rate

Answer 36

-number of times the heart beats per minute --stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic Ns can cause rate to go up or down --hormones: epinephrine and thyroxine raise heart rate --ions: electrolyte imbalances affect the ability for the heart to contract --physical factors: age, body temp, overall health

Question 37

stroke volume

Answer 37

-volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heart beat --exercise: additional blood return from muscles brings in more volume to the ventricles --rapid blood loss: decreases blood returning to heart