Heart

Question 0

QRS complex

Answer 0

Atrium repolarized ventricle depolarizers ventricle contraction occurs immediately

Question 1

P wave of ECG

Answer 1

Depolarization of the atrium(left side) immediately starts to contract the atrium

Question 2

T wave of ECG

Answer 2

Repolarization of ventricle

Question 3

Systole

Answer 3

Contraction

Question 4

Diastole

Answer 4

Relaxation of heart

Question 5

Heart murmur

Answer 5

When one of the valves doesn’t work right

Question 6

Step one in cycle(Middle p wave to r point on ECG) 
Chambers
Pressure
Valves
Ventricle blood volume

Answer 6

Atrial systole
Chambers: atria contracting, ventricle relaxed
Pressure: ventricle<aortic
Valves: AV open semilunar closed
Blood volume: increase slightly

Question 7

Early ventricle systole
Chambers
Pressure
Valves 
Ventricular blood volume

Answer 7

Chambers: atria relax ventricle contract
Pressure: ventricle>atrial<aortic
Valves: AV closed semilunar closed
Blood: remains same(Isovolumetric contraction)

Question 8

Stage 3(late ventricle systole)
Chambers
Pressure
Valves
Ventricular blood volume

Answer 8

Chambers: atria relax ventricle contract
Pressure: ventricle>atrial>aorta
Valves: AV closed semilunar open
Blood: decrease( blood expelled to aorta)

Question 9

Early ventricle diastole( step 4 cycle)
Chambers
Pressure
Valves
Ventricle blood volume

Answer 9

Chambers: atria and ventricle relaxing
Pressure: ventricle>atrial<aorta
Valves: AV and semilunar both closed
Blood:same(Isovolumetric relaxation)

Question 10

Late ventricle diastole( step 5 cycle)
Chambers
Pressure
Valves
Ventricular blood volume

Answer 10

Chambers: atria and ventricle relaxed
Pressure: ventricle<aorta
Valves: AV open semilunar closed
Blood: increases(from atrium to ventricle)

Question 11

End systolic volume(EVS)

Answer 11

How much blood remains in the ventricle after it flows to the aorta

Question 12

End diastolic volume(EDV)

Answer 12

How much blood is in the ventricle before contraction(full)

Question 13

Stroke volume

Answer 13

How much is lost during contraction? EDV-ESV= stroke volume

Question 14

Fluids move down______________ gradient

Answer 14

Pressure gradient

Question 15

Cardiac output( ml per min)

Answer 15

Heart rate(HR) * stroke volume(SV)
  (Beats/min).             (ml/beat)

Question 16

Conduction system cardiac excitability

Answer 16

1) initiation, SA node initiates action potential

2) spread of AP is propagated throughout atria(the conduction system)

Question 17

Cardiac muscle cells excitability

Answer 17

1) AP initiated in conduction is propagated across sacrolemma
2) muscle contractions thin slide past thick and sacromeres shorten within cells

Question 18

Steps to extrinsic conduction system

Answer 18

1) sinoatrial(SA) node(pacemaker) generates impulse
2) impulses pause .1 sec at the atrial ventricular (AV) node
3) AV bundle connects atria and ventricle
4) bundle branches conduct impulses through intraventricular septum
5) purkinje fibers depolarize contractile cells of both ventricles

Question 19

Pacemaker(AV) autorhythmicity

Answer 19

1) slow voltage gated Na channels open inflow changes potential from -60mv to -40mv
2) depolarization fast voltage gated Ca channels open inflow changes from -40mv to 0 mv
3) repolarization Ca channels close K opens and flows out potential returns to -60 and K closes

Question 20

PR segment of ECG

Answer 20

AV node delay(.1sec)

Question 21

ST segment of ECG

Answer 21

When ventricles are contracting and emptying

Question 22

TP interval of ECG

Answer 22

When ventricles are relaxing and refilling

Question 23

Junctional rhythm ECG reading

Answer 23

SA node is nonfunctional p waves absent heart paced by AV node 40-60 bpm

Question 24

Second degree heart-block ECG reading

Answer 24

Some P waves aren't conducted through AV node so more P than QRS seen

Question 25

Ventricular fibrillation reading ECG

Answer 25

Chaotic grossly irregular seen in acute heart attack and electrical shock

Question 26

Arteries? 2 major what side?

Answer 26

Pulmonary trunk transports to right side Aorta transports to left side Arteries take blood from the heart to the body

Question 27

Veins? 2 major ones what side?

Answer 27

``` Vena cava(SVC &IVC) drain into right side Pulmonary veins drain into the left side ``` Veins bring blood into the heart

Question 28

Right side of the heart

Answer 28

De oxygenated blood and weak AP

Question 29

Left side of the heart

Answer 29

Oxygenated blood flows. The heavy conductor, has lg AP that contract the heart

Question 30

Blood flow through pulmonary circulation

Answer 30

1) deoxygenated blood into rt qtrium from vena cavae and coronary sinus 2) blood passes through AV valve (tri) 3) enters right ventricle 4) passes through pulmonary semilunar valve 5) enters pulmonary trunk 6) continues through rt and lf pulmonary arteries to both lungs 7) gas exchanges in pulmonary capillaries 8) oxygenated blood returns to left side heart by pulmonary veins 9) enters lf atrium of heart

Question 31

Tachycardia fast heart rate

Answer 31

Heart beat more than 100 beats per sec.

Question 32

Bradycardia

Answer 32

Heart rare below 60 beats per min

Question 33

Ventricle septic defect

Answer 33

Blood mixes between ventricles wall isn't properly formed

Question 34

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 34

Aorta is narrowed increasing left vent work load