Heart

Question 1

Heart Beats

Answer 1

75/minute

Question 2

Average cardiac output

Answer 2

5.25 Liters/min

Question 3

Dual pump for…

Answer 3

pulmonary and systemic

Question 4

Components of Heart (4)

Answer 4

Atria Ventricles Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit

Question 5

Inferior or Diaphragmatic Surface Shape, Position, Component

Answer 5

• Concave
• Lower border of T8-T9
• Left Ventricle

Question 6

Posterior Surface (base)

Answer 6

• Quadrilateral
• Opposite of T5-T8
• Left atrium

Question 7

Anterior or Sternocostal Surface

Answer 7

• Flattened
• Posterior to sternum and costal cartilages 3-6
• Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 8

Right Surface

Answer 8

• Convex
• Lateral to the right border of sternum
• Right atrium

Question 9

Left Surface

Answer 9

• Convex
• 1/2 inch to left of manubriosternal junction to apex
• Left ventricle

Question 10

Pericardium layers

Answer 10

Fibrous pericardium

Serous Pericardium

• Parietal layer
• Visceral layer

Question 11

Pericardial Cavity contains…

Answer 11

Serous fluid

Question 12

Pericardium Functions

Answer 12

Prevents undesired movement

Prevents overfilling of heart

Reduces friction

Question 13

Pericarditis

Answer 13

Inflammation of pericardium

Question 14

Heart Wall 3 layers

Answer 14

• Superficial–> Deep
• Epicardium (Same as visceral pericardium)
• Myocardium- Muscle infarctions occur here
• Endocardium- lines chambers, covers valves

Question 15

Valves

• Structure
• Function

Answer 15

Structure-

Dense connective tissue

2 or 3 cusps

Function

Blood passes in one direction

Question 16

Valve Closure

Answer 16

Left and right Atrioventricular valves close during systole

Pulmonary and aortic Semilular valves close during diastole

Question 17

Sounds

Right atrioventricular valve

Answer 17

Inferior portion of sternum

Question 18

Sounds

Left atrioventricular valve

Answer 18

Left fifth intercostal space

Question 19

Sounds

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Answer 19

Second left intercostal space

Question 20

Sounds

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Answer 20

Second right intercostal space

Question 21

Lub sound

Answer 21

Closure of AV valves

Question 22

Dub

Answer 22

Closure of semilunar valves

Question 23

Fibrous Skeleton

Answer 23

Connective tissue located between the atria and ventricles

Seperates atria and ventricles physically and electrically

anchors heart valves

Cardiac muscle attachment

Question 24

Conduction System

Answer 24

•Sinoatrial (SA) node

–Pacemaker

• Atrial muscle
• Atrioventricular (AV) node
• Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)
• Left and right bundle branches
• Purkinje fibers
• Ventricular muscle

Question 25

Cardiac Plexus 2 Innervations

Answer 25

Sympathetic innervation Parasympathetic (vagal) innervation

Question 26

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 26

Increases heart rate Increases force of contraction

Question 27

Parasympathetic (vagal) Innervation

Answer 27

Decreases heart rate Reduces force of contraction Constricts the coronary arteries

Question 28

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 28

Heart attack, blockage of coronary artery