Heart

Question 1

location of heart

Answer 1

30, SVC
32, left sup end of coronary sulcus
59, apex of heart
61, right lower end of coronary sulcus

Question 2

the axis position of heart?

Answer 2

60 degrees saggital
30 degrees transverse
15 in axis og heart

Question 3

axis of heart?

Answer 3

midcapula–>apex of heart

Question 4

surfaces of heart?

Answer 4

sternocostal
diaphragmatic
pulmonary right and left

Question 5

layers of pericardium

Answer 5

parietal and visceral

Question 6

what is parietal and viceral layer of pericardium made up of?

Answer 6

Parietal: outer fibrous and an inner serous
viceral: serous layer

Question 7

what is sabbey T

Answer 7

reflections of the pericardium around R. and L. pulmonary veins and IVC.

Question 8

which are the pericardiac sinuses?

Answer 8

• transvese sinus ( b/w aorta and pulmonary trunk)

- oblique sinus: located at the venous reflections.

Question 9

arterial supply to pericardium?

Answer 9

pericardiophrenic a. ( Internal thoracic a.)

Question 10

venous drainage of pericardium?

Answer 10

pericardiophrenic v. —>brachiocephalic v.

Question 11

Innervation of pericardium?

Answer 11

phrenic n. (c3-c5)

Question 12

Layers of heart?

Answer 12

• outer fibrous parietal
• Inner serous parietal
• epicardium ( viceral pericardium)
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 13

layer of the muscles of heart?

Answer 13

ventricle: (outer: oblique–>circular–> long)
atrium: outer: circular inner: longitudinal

Question 14

what is pericardial cavity?

Answer 14

space b/W parietal and viscerallayer. Contains serous fluid allowinf free movement and lubricates heart.

Question 15

what is crux cordis?

Answer 15

where the interventricular sulci join the coronry sulcus at a right angle posteriorly.

Question 16

what is waterstons groove?

Answer 16

used as surgical incisions into the left atrium. B/w right pulmonary v. and right atrium

Question 17

branches of aortic arch?

Answer 17

1. brachiocephalic trunk(–>right comon carotid and right subclavian)
2. left common carotid
3. left subclavian

Question 18

what is terminal sulcus?

Answer 18

groove seperating right auricle and atrium proper.

Question 19

structures in right atrium?

Answer 19

• IVC orfice at 5th costal cartilage
• SVC orfice at 3rd costal cartilage
• coronary sinus orfice

Question 20

what seperates right and left atrium?

Answer 20

Inter atrial septum

Question 21

what is oval fossa and limbus?

Answer 21

oval fossa is remnant of oval foramen.

Question 22

what is kock triangle and its borders?

Answer 22

identificate AV-node

b/w tricuspid valve and thebasian valve of coronary sinus

Question 23

what seperatesinflow and outflow in right ventricle?

Answer 23

Its a V-shaped structure where the inflow and outflow is seperated by SUPRAVENTRICULAR CREST

Question 24

what is conus arteriosus?

Answer 24

The outflowing part of the heart where pulmonary trunk starts( infundibulum from inside)

Question 25

structures in left ventricle?

Answer 25

septomarginal trabeculae ( ant papillart m. attached)

Question 26

cusps of the tricuspid valve? what are they attached to?

Answer 26

Right, Left, septal, --> chorda teniae--> papillary m.

Question 27

The papillart m. of right ventricle?

Answer 27

Ant: ant and post cusp. from septomarginal trabeculae post: septal and post septal: arises from interventricular wall, motionless

Question 28

What seperates right and left ventricle?

Answer 28

interventricular septum - membranous (attached to septal cusp of tricuspid valv) - muscular

Question 29

openings in left atrium?

Answer 29

Right and left pulmonary veins | valve of foramen ovale

Question 30

structure in left ventricle?

Answer 30

- more numerous trabeculae carnea - antero-lateral papilary m. - postero-medial papillary m.

Question 31

what seperates the inflow and outflow of the left ventricle?

Answer 31

the anterior cusp of bicuspid valve

Question 32

what is fibrous skeleton of heart?

Answer 32

4 fibrous rings surrounding the orfices of the valves forminf right and left trigone.

Question 33

right fibrous trigone ( central fibrous body) formed by?

Answer 33

formed by: septal cusp of tricuspid ant cusp of bicuspid post cusp of aortic valve

Question 34

left fibrous trigone?

Answer 34

-left aortic cusp | ant of bicuspid valve

Question 35

what are the cusped valves made of?

Answer 35

mesothelium (dublication of endocardium)

Question 36

typer of chorda teniae?

Answer 36

commisural marginal basal

Question 37

what are chordae tenia composed of?

Answer 37

pars densa pars flaccida - 2 lunules - 1 nodule

Question 38

auscultation of heart?

Answer 38

- 2,2 IC to right (midsternal line : AORTIC VALVE - 2,2 IC to left, midsternal line: PULMONARY VALVE - 5,2 IC to left, midsternal line: tricuspid - 5,9 IC to left, midclavicular line: APEX

Question 39

Erbs point?

Answer 39

3 IC 3cm point for all sounds

Question 40

branches right coronary artery?

Answer 40

Arises from right ant aortic sinus - ascending SA-nodal ranch - conus branch - right marginal - right atrial - Posterior interventricular - right posterolateral - AV-nodal branch

Question 41

branches of left coronary artery?

Answer 41

- Anterior interventricular branch lateral diagonal ascending SA branch ant septal branch - Circumflex branch left marginal left posteriolateral left atrial

Question 42

venous drainage of heart?

Answer 42

- Great - Middle - Small - Smallest - oblique

Question 43

what is coronary sinus?

Answer 43

Post aspect of heart which collects blood from the veins.

Question 44

innervation of heart?

Answer 44

Cercical, stellate, thoracic ganglion