Heart

Question 1

Aortic semilunar valve

Answer 1

The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta that keeps blood from flowing back into the ventricle

Question 2

Ascending aorta

Answer 2

The major blood vessel that leaves the left ventricle and continues into the aortic arch

Question 3

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Answer 3

valve

Left atrioventricular valve with two cusps or flaps; also called the mitral valve

Question 4

Brachial plexus

Answer 4

network of nerves formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 and is located between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles; its branches innervate the upper extremity

Question 5

Brachiocephalic artery

Answer 5

Most anterior branch of the aortic arch; provides blood to the arm and head on the right side

Question 6

Chordae tendineae

Answer 6

String or cordlike structures that extend between the papillary muscles and the flaps of the atrioventricular valves in the ventricles of the heart

Question 7

Common carotid arteries

Answer 7

Blood vessels that ascend in the neck to provide oxygenated blood to the head

Question 8

Coronary sinus

Answer 8

A thin-walled venous dilation on the posterior surface of the heart; collects blood from the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

Question 9

Descending aorta

Answer 9

Continuation of the aortic arch into the thorax and abdomen to provide oxygenated blood to those regions

Question 10

Inferior vena cava

Answer 10

Large vein that collects blood from all parts of the body inferior to the heart and returns it to the right atrium

Question 11

Interatrial septum

Answer 11

The partition between the right atrium and left atrium

Question 12

Internal carotid arteries

Answer 12

Branches of the common carotid arteries that pass through the carotid canal and provide oxygenated blood to the brain

Question 13

Internal jugular veins

Answer 13

Vessels that drain blood from the brain and descend through the neck to join the subclavian veins to form the brachiocephalic veins

Question 14

Interventricular septum

Answer 14

The partition between the right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 15

Left atrium

Answer 15

Chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins

Question 16

Left ventricle

Answer 16

Chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta into systemic circulation

Question 17

Pectinate muscle

Answer 17

Muscular ridges in the atria of the heart

Question 18

Pericardium

Answer 18

Membranous sac that encloses the heart

Question 19

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 19

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk that keeps blood from flowing back into the ventricle

Question 20

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 20

Large vessel that receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle

Question 21

R & L brachiocephalic veins

Answer 21

Veins that are formed by the internal jugular and subclavian veins, then merge to form the superior vena cava

Question 22

R & L coronary arteries

Answer 22

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium; first branches of the ascending aorta and located at the level of the aortic semilunar valve

Question 23

R & L lungs

Answer 23

The two main organs of respiration located in the pleural cavities on either side of the heart

Question 24

R & L mainstem bronchi

Answer 24

Airways formed by the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 25

R & L pulmonary arteries

Answer 25

Blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 26

R & L pulmonary veins

Answer 26

Blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium

Question 27

R & L subclavian arteries

Answer 27

Vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the upper extremity; on the right, it is a branch of the brachiocephalic artery and on the left it is the posterior branch of the aortic arch; continues into the axilla as the axillary artery

Question 28

R & L subclavian veins

Answer 28

Vessels that return blood from the upper extremity to the heart; merge with the internal jugular veins to form the brachiocephalic veins

Question 29

Right atrium

Answer 29

Chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from coronary circulation through the coronary sinus and from systemic circulation through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Question 30

Right ventricle

Answer 30

Chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

Question 31

Superior vena cava

Answer 31

Large vein that collects blood from all parts of the body superior to the heart and returns it to the right atrium

Question 32

Tricuspid valve

Answer 32

Valve with three cusps located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 33

Vertebral arteries

Answer 33

Branches of the subclavian arteries that ascend in the transverse foramina of cervical arteries, pass through the foramen magnum, and then join to form the basilar artery; supply blood to the brain

Question 34

1. Fibrous pericardium (superficial):

Answer 34

tough, dense connective tissue for protects the heart, anchors it to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling of the heart with blood.

Question 35

2. Serous pericardium (inner):

Answer 35

parietal: lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium; attaches to large arteries exiting the heart - visceral (epicardium): thin membrane that continues over the external heart surface - Parietal layer of serous pericardium: lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.

Question 36

3. Pericardial cavity:

Answer 36

between the parietal and visceral layers; slitlike cavity that contains a film of protein-rich fluid

Question 37

3. Pericardial cavity:

Answer 37

between the parietal and visceral layers; slitlike cavity that contains a film of protein-rich fluid

Question 38

pathway of blood through the heart.

Answer 38

Superior Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Tricuspid Valve -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve -> Pulmonary arteries -> Lungs Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> Bicuspid Valve -> Left Ventricle -> Aortic Semilunar Valve -> Aorta -> systemic circulations