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Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Function and location of Atria

A
  • Helps pump blood into the heart

- First chamber in the heart

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2
Q

Function and location of the ventricles

A
  • Helps pump blood out of heart

- Second chamber in heart

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3
Q

Function and location of the septum

A

-Separates the two halves of the heart

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4
Q

Function and location of the bicuspid valve

A

-Prevents backflow between the left atrium and the left ventricle

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5
Q

Function and location of the tricuspid valve

A

-Prevents backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle

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6
Q

Function and location of the semi-lunar valve

A
  • Prevents backflow between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle
  • Prevents backflow between the aorta and the left ventricle
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7
Q

Function and location of the Vena cava

A
  • Returns deoxygenated blood from the lungs to heart

- Enters the right atrium

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8
Q

Function and location of the Pulmonary vein

A
  • Carries oxygenated blood from lungs and heart

- Enters the left atrium

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9
Q

Function and location of the Pulmonary artery

A
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from blood to lungs

- Exits the right ventricle

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10
Q

Function and location of the Aorta

A
  • Pumps oxygenated blood to body

- Exits from the left ventricle

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11
Q

Function and location of the Coronary artery

A
  • Provides blood to the heart

- Covers the outside of the heart

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12
Q

Function and location of the Pericardium

A
  • Fibrous sack surrounding the heart

- Walls of the heart

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13
Q

Function and location of the Myocardium

A
  • Muscular walls that help it contract

- Walls of the heart

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14
Q

Characteristics of the arteries

A
  • Thick walls
  • Narrow lumen
  • Muscular layer to help with contractions and flow
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15
Q

Characteristics of the veins

A
  • Thinner walls than arteries
  • Large lumen
  • Muscle layer to help with contractions and flow
  • Valves
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16
Q

Characteristic of the capillaries

A
  • Thin walls
  • 1 cell thick
  • Narrow
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17
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

-Carries oxygen

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18
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

-Defends against disease

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19
Q

Function of platelets

A

-Forms scabs by clotting

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20
Q

Function of plasma

A

-Transports nutrients (glucose, amino acids) , antibodies, hormones, water (Carbon dioxide, urea)

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21
Q

Erythrocytes =

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A

= Red blood cell

22
Q

Leukocytes =

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A

= White blood cells

23
Q

Thrombocytes =

24
Q

1) A antigens =
2) B antigens =
3) AB antigens =
4) No antigens =

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A

1) Blood type A
2) Blood type B
3) BLood type AB
4) Blood type O

25
The rhesus antigen determines what ? | What % of the populate have/don't have it
The rhesus antigen determines whether the blood type is positive or negative. 85% have the antigen- Rhesus positive 15% don't have the antigen- Rhesus negative
26
What blood type is the universal donor?
O (negative)
27
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
28
What blood type is recessive and which are co-dominant?
Recessive~ O | Co-dominant ~AB
29
If you are rhesus positive what blood (positive/negative) can you take?
Both positive and negative
30
If you are rhesus negative what blood (positive/negative) can you take?
Just negative
31
Explain the cardiac cycle
- Wave of depolarisation at the sinoatrial node (SAN) - Spreads across the atrium to the atrioventricular node (AVN) - Transmitted down the bundle of his - Into purkinje fibres
32
The heart can beat independently so it is described as
myogenic
33
The heart noise is described as a 'lub dub' noise, what causes the noise?
- 'Lub' is caused by the atrioventricular (AV) valves closing - 'Dub' is caused by the semi-lunar (SL) valves closing
34
Function of the Tendinous chord (heart strings) ?
They attach to the (Papillary) muscles to prevent the valves from turning inside out
35
What is Diastole?
- The heart fills with blood - Atria and ventricles relax - Semi-lunar valves are closed - Atrioventricular valves are open
36
What is Atrial systole?
- Pumps blood from the atria to the ventricles - Atria contracts - Ventricles relaxed - Blood is forced into ventricle - Atrioventricular valves are open - Semi-lunar valves are closed
37
What is Ventricular systole?
- Pumps blood from ventricles to aorta - Atrioventricular valves are closed - Semi-Lunar valves are open - Atria relaxes
38
What does an electrocardiogram(ECG) do?
-Records the electrical activity in the heart
39
The Heart waves P waves- QRS- T
P waves- Atrial systole QRS- Ventricular systole T- Diastole
40
What is Tachycardia?
-Elevated heart rate for no reason ~Can be so high that little blood is pumped -Treated with relaxation therapy and b-blockers
41
What is Bradycardia?
-Electrical activity is normal but slow ~Caused by good aerobic fitness, drugs (tranquilizers/b-blockers) ~Could cause blood clots, stagnation
42
What is Ventricular Fibrillation?
-Uncoordinated and weak contraction ~Fluttering & little blood is pumped -Defibrillation may work-> heart shocked, stopped, restarted (may do so with a normal rhythm)
43
What is Sinus Arrhythmia?
- A normal variation in the beating of the heart | - Occurs while breathing
44
What is Flat line?
- No electrical activity at all - Shock paddles will not work in stimulating electrical activity to start - CPR might work
45
Genetic factors of cardiovascular disease
Gender- Females have higher HDL level, Oestrogen increase blood flow to muscles Age- Arteries become less elastic with age-> increasing blood flow and risk of damage to blood vessel linings Genetics- Some alleles increase the risk of CVD (inherited), alleles could cause valve weakness, high blood pressure, high LDL, high cholesterol
46
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Smoking- Reduces HDL(‘good cholesterol’) levels, Carbon Dioxide increases fatty deposits, Increases heart rate, increased blood pressure, Nicotine causes platelets to become sticky -> increasing blood clots, Exercise- sedentary lifestyle, without exercise cardiac output is reduced, the heart rate increases and artery walls become less elastic. Blood pressure- caused by environmental factors such as drinking/smoking or genetic factors such as inheritance. High blood pressure as this can damage your linings of blood vessels.
47
Treatment for cardiovascular disease | Antihypertensives
Antihypertensives- A drug treatment-Reduces symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as blood pressure, reduce cardiac output, reduce resistance in the cardiac system. Pros~ Reduces patients Symptoms Cons~ Regular Potassium and blood sugar level test are required. -Not suitable during pregnancy. -Not suitable for people with a history of -side effects:nausea, dizziness, cramps
48
Treatment for cardiovascular disease | Transplant
Transplant- -It replaces a faulty heart with a healthy/ functioning heart, patient takes immunosuppressants to reduce the chance of rejection. Pros~ Cures patient of cardiovascular disease and its related symptoms -immunosuppressants to reduce the chance of rejection Cons~ -Risk of immune system rejecting the organ and attaching it -Risk of infection -Taking immunosuppressants weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to illness.
49
Treatment for cardiovascular disease | Statins
Statin- A drug treatment--Reduces LDL ‘bad cholesterol’ levels, does this by inhibiting enzymes in the liver, this prevents /reduces the buildup of fatty materials that will block blood vessels Pros~ -Lowers LDL levels -Stops cholesterol blocking blood vessels, keeps heart rate low and lining damage low. Cons~ -More side effects than anti-hypertensive : Tiredness, nausea, muscle weakness, diaherra -People will rely on that statins and not eat healthy.
50
What can go wrong with the heart?
Cholesterol deposit- Buildup in arteries Valves- faulty or leaky valves, blood does not pass efficiently Heart failure- Can’t pump enough blood, can’t pump with enough force

Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) (4 decks)

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