Heart

Question 1

Why is the left bigger than the right?

Answer 1

Right needs to pump at a lower pressure so it doesn’t damage the delicate capillaries In the lungs. There isn’t enough space in the journey from the heart to the lungs for the branching required to lower the pressure.

Question 2

What do stents do?

Answer 2

Stents straighten out veins and arteries to protect them.

Question 3

What type of hearts do fish have

Answer 3

Single pump, there is little respiration in the heart as fish have little blood.

Question 4

What type of heart do we have?

Answer 4

Double pump, heart then lungs then heart then body. As more respiration as more active. Quicker blood means more O2 and quicker ror.

Question 5

Amphibians have what type of heart?

Answer 5

Mix of two! They have 2 atria but 1 ventricle. This shows the evolutionary process from fish to mammals.

Question 6

What are insects hearts like?

Answer 6

They have no heart! It is an open space! This is fine if they are small but if they get larger this becomes difficult to maintain the conc. gradient.

Question 7

What does lup dup mean?

Answer 7

Lup= atrioventricular valves closing
Dup= semilunar valves closing

Question 8

What does ventricular systole mean?

Answer 8

Ventricles contracting

Question 9

What does atrial diastole mean?

Answer 9

Atriums relaxing

Question 10

What happens in lup?

Answer 10

Ventricular systole and atrial diastole.

Question 11

What does ventricular diastole mean?

Answer 11

Ventricles relaxing

Question 12

What does atrial systole mean?

Answer 12

Atriums contracting.

Question 13

What happens in dup?

Answer 13

Ventricular diastole and atrial systole.

Question 14

How does pressure regulate valves?

Answer 14

Low pressure sucks the valve up, and high pressure below keeps pressure holding it closed making an airtight seal. When this is reversed the valve is opened.

Question 15

What does the dif. Numbers in blood pressure mean?

Answer 15

X/Y

X = systolic pressure
Y= diastolic pressure

Question 16

What is a normal blood pressure?

Answer 16

120-140 / 60-80

Question 17

What is an arithmea?

Answer 17

When the parts of the heart don’t perform functions at the same time.

Question 18

How does the heart muscle regulate itself?

Answer 18

It is Myogenic. So it produces its own em (only roughly 40bpm). Cells in the heart known as pacemaker cells generate a current by pumping ions in and out of the cell at speed using facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Question 19

What parts of the heart are responsible for keeping the beat?

Answer 19

SAN- sind atrial Node - contains pacemaker cells
AVN- atrio ventricular node- delays the signal
Bundle of his- carries the signal to…
Purkyne fibres - nerves that contract the ventricles

Question 20

What is PQRST

Answer 20

P = atriums contracting
QRS= ventricles contracting
T = recovery wave

Question 21

What is vsystolic and asystolic?

Answer 21

V systolic, atriums seized

A systolic, ventricles seized

Question 22

What is cardiac output

Answer 22

Volume of blood being pumped around the body by the heart in 1 min units = dm3/min-1

Question 23

Cardiac output =

Answer 23

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 24

Describe capillaries

Answer 24

1 cell thick (only endothelium lining) this makes them weak and leaky ( due to capillary pores and not being a perfect fit) this allows monomers (A.A etc) to pass through and filter into cells. Due to its thinness it is very efficient at diffusion!

Question 25

What makes up tissue fluid?

Answer 25

Plasma (dissolved substances) that has leaked out of capillaries

Question 26

What is in plasma?

Answer 26

Dissolved substances eg: -hormones

• Glucose
• antibodies
• waste products

Question 27

How is plasma forced out of the capillaries?

Answer 27

Through hydrostatic pressure and conc. gradient.

Question 28

Is tissue fluid blood plasma?

Answer 28

NO! But they are quite similar!

Question 29

How does tissue fluid work?

Answer 29

It fills the gaps between cells and allows nutrients to get to cells and waste to be removed