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CardioRenal I > Heart anatomy > Flashcards

Heart anatomy Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

superior mediastinum

A

from superior thoracic aperture to transverse toracic plane between the sternal angle and the infeiror border of T4

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2
Q

Anterior Inferior Mediastinum

A

anteriror to the heart and pericardium- filled with fat, fibrous tissue, thymus

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3
Q

Middle inferior mediastinum

A

centrally located in the thoracic cavity- contains the heart and pericardium

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4
Q

Posterior inferiror mediastinum

A

posterior to the heart and pericardium

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5
Q

Components of the pericardium

A

1.) Fibrous Pericardium 2.) Serous Pericardium

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6
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

External layer of DCT (deosnt stretch) - anchored to the diaphragm and to the sternum

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7
Q

which ligaments anchor the fibrous pericardium

A

1.) Pericardiophrenic ligament (to diaphragm) 2.) Sternopericardial ligament (to sternum)

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8
Q

Serous pericardium components

A

1.) Parietal Layer 2.) Visceral Pericadium

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9
Q

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

fuses with the inside of the fibrous pericardium and is continuous with the visceral pericardium

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10
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

fused with the heart (epicardium) - coats the heart

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11
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

closed space between th parietal and visceral layers between the serous pericardium (contains thin layer of fluid)

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12
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

Part of the pericardial sac that lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (separates arteries from veins) - important in surgery to stop circulation

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13
Q

Oblique Sinus

A

J-shaped cul de sac behind the heart surrounded by the reflection of serous pericardium around the left and right pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava

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14
Q

Blood supply to the pericardium

A

Mainly from pericardiphrenic artery

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15
Q

Pericardiphenic artery is a branch of what

A

internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

Pericardihrenic vein is a tributary to what

A

internal throacic vein

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17
Q

Innervation of the pericardium

A

Sensory: Phrenic Pain: refered to ipsilateral shoulder (dermatome 3-5)

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18
Q

Cardiac Tampanade

A

fluid buildup in the pericardial cavity (fibrous layer of pericardium does not stretch) causing compression and mechanical stretch of the heart

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19
Q

Apex of the heart is formed by

A

left ventricle located in the 5th intercostal space

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20
Q

Sternocostal surface of the heart formed by

A

right ventricle

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21
Q

Diapraghmatic (inferior) surface of the heart formed by

A

left ventricle (partially right ventricle)

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22
Q

Left pulmonary surface

A

formed by left ventricle

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23
Q

Right Pulmonary surface

A

formed by right atrium

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24
Q

Posterior surface (base of the heart)

A

consists mostly of left atrium

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25
what separtes the posterior surface (base of the heart) from the diaphragmatic surface
coronary sulcus with its coronary sinus
26
inferior/acute margin
formed primarily by right ventricle
27
obtuse margin
formed primarily by left ventricle
28
acute margin separates what two surfaces
sternocostal and diaphragmatic
29
Left margin
between the base and the left pulmonary surface - formed by left ventricle and left auricle
30
Right margin
between the sternocostal and right pulmonary surface - formed by right atrium
31
Obtuce margin separates what two surfaces
sternocostal and left lateral surface
32
layers of the heart wall
1.) Epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium) 2.) Myocardium 3.) Endocardium
33
Coronary Sulcus
circles the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles
34
Contents of the coronary sulcus
right coronary artery, small cardiac vein, circumflex branc of left coronary artery, coronary sinus
35
Interventricular Sinus
boundary between left and right ventricles (both anterior and posterior)
36
contents of anterio interventricular sinus
anteriror interventricular artery and great cardiac vein
37
contents of posterior interventricular sinus
posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein
38
divisions of the right atrium
1.) Sinus Vena Cavae 2.) Atrium Proper
39
what separates the atrium proper from the sinus vena cavae externally
sulcus terminalis
40
what separates the atrium proper from the sinus vena cavae internally
crista terminalis
41
the sinus vena cavae is derived from which embryological structure
sinus venosus
42
Features of the Sinus Vena Cavae
smooth thin walls, vena cava and coronary sinus open into this space
43
coronary sinus
receives blood form most of the cardiac veins and opens MEDIALLY into the sinus vena cavae
44
Features of the atrioventricular septum
riggt atrioventricular orifice with tricuspid valve
45
Interatrial septum
separates the left and right atria
46
Features of the interatrial septum (right)
fossa ovalis (small circular depression) with a prominent margin called the limbus fossae ovalis
47
Atrium Proper
pectinate muscles (ridges) cover its surfcae
48
what forms a bulk of the anterior of the heart
Right ventricle
49
what separates the inflow portion of the right ventricle from the outflow tract
supraventricular crest (muscular ridge)
50
the right atrioventricular orifice contains what valve
tricuspid
51
trabeculae carnae
muscular ridges of the ventricle
52
Anterior Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)
largest and most consistent. Arises from the anterior wall of the ventricle and extends to the anterior and posteriro valves of the tricuspid valve
53
Posterior Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)
some chordae tendinae aruse directly from the ventricular wall and extend to the posterior and septal valves of the the tricuspid valve
54
Septal Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)
most inconsistent (may be small or absent) - cords extend to the anterior valves of tricuspid
55
Septomarginal trabeculae (modulator band)
isolated band of trabeculae carnae that forms a bridge between the base of the anterior papillary muscles and interventricular septum
56
purpose of septomarginal trabecule (modulator band)
prevents over distention of the ventrucle, carries the right limb of the AV bundle from the IV septum
57
what three cusps make up the tricuspid valve
anterior, posterior, septal
58
purpose of papillary muslces
hold down the vavle to prevent it from reopening in systole
59
outflow region of the right ventricle
leads to the pulmonary track
60
Pulmonary valve
semilunar cusps (left, right, anterior)
61
components of the pulmonary valve
1.) Cusps 2.) Sinus (pocket) 3.) Nodule (medial thickened prtion of each cusp) 4.) Lunula (lateral portion of the free superior edge)
62
Ebstein's anomoly
congenital defect where the tricuspid valve is displaced towar th apex of the heart (valves are no longer in the same plane)
63
inflow portion of the left atrium
posterior portion of the left atrium that recieves four pulmonary veins . Smooth walls
64
Anterior portion of the left atrium
Atrium porper
65
pectinate muscles (left atrium)
smaller than in the right atrium
66
Features of the interatrial septum (left)
contains valve for the foramen ovale
67
largest chamber of the heart
left ventricle
68
what attach papillary muscles to valve leaflets
chordae tendinae
69
how do trabeculae carnae differ in the right ventricle
fine and delicate
70
left atrioventricular orifice contains what valve
mitral valve (anterior and posterior cusps)
71
left ventricle outflow tract contains what valve
aortic valve (left right, POSTERIOR)
72
features of aortic valve
sinus, nodules lunules, and openings form the right and left coronary arteries
73
components of the interventricular septum (left)
1.) Muscular part (thick -forms major part of the septum) 2.) Membranous part (thin and forms upper part of the septum)

CardioRenal I (13 decks)

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