heart anatony

Question 1

superior vena cave (right Atrium)

Answer 1

a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body back to the right atrium of the heart. It is one of the two main veins that return blood to the heart,

Question 2

inferior vena cava (right atrium)

Answer 2

a large vein in the human body that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body back to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 3

Eustachian valve (right atrium)

Answer 3

an embryologic remnant that lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and inferior right atrium (RA). In fetal development, the valve directs incoming oxygenated blood towards the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium

Question 4

Sinus Node (right atrium)

Answer 4

known as the sinoatrial (SA) node, is a small cluster of specialized cells located in the right atrium of the heart. It serves as the natural pacemaker of the heart, responsible for initiating the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat. The electrical impulses generated by the sinus node set the rhythm and rate of the heart’s contractions

Question 5

Atrial Septum (right atrium)

Answer 5

thin wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. In adult life, its main function is to separate the two atrial chambers so that there is no shunting of blood between them.

Question 6

Coronary Sinus (right atrium)

Answer 6

The main function of the CS is to drain deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium

Question 7

Thebesian Valve

Answer 7

caudal remnant of the embryonic sinoatrial valves. Whether it has any role in normal physiology is not known and some believe that it may prevent the regurgitation of blood into the sinus during the contraction of the atrium

Question 8

Fossa Ovalis (right atrium)

Answer 8

is a small depression or indentation located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. During fetal development, oxygenated blood is primarily received from the mother’s placenta via the umbilical vein.

Question 9

A-V Node (right atrium)

Answer 9

The purpose of this structure is to connect the electrical systems of the atria and the ventricles, providing electrical impedance from the atria and an intrinsic pacemaker in its absence.

Question 10

mitral stenosis

Answer 10

the mitral valve becomes narrowed or partially obstructed, which can impede the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle. This narrowing is typically due to the thickening, scarring, or calcification of the valve leaflets or the narrowing of the valve’s opening.

Question 11

Bacterial endocarditis

Answer 11

is a bacterial infection of the inner layer of the heart or the heart valves

Question 12

aortic insufficient

Answer 12

left ventricular ouflow obstruction

Question 13

aortic stenosis

Answer 13

Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, a calcium buildup on the aortic valve over time. Narrowing of the valve in the large blood vessel branching off the heart (aorta).
This narrowing keeps the valve from opening fully, reducing blood flow to the body and making the heart work harder.

Question 14

Rheumatic

Question 15

Myocarditis sarcoidosis

Answer 15

accumulation of white blood cells on the heart which leads to inflammation. causes right heart failure

Question 16

Idiopathic myocarditis

Answer 16

inflammation of the heart for unknown reason

Question 17

HCM (hypertrophic cardial myopathy)

Answer 17

1 cause for death athletes is hypertrophic.
Left ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 18

amyloidosis

Answer 18

protein (amyloid) of accumulation that decreases contractility of the heart (causes inflammation)

Question 19

pompeii’s

Answer 19

genetic disorder in infants that causes the heart to be hypotrohic myocarditis causes excessive glycogen.

Question 20

myopathies

Answer 20

heterogeneous group of disorders primarily affecting the skeletal muscle structure, metabolism, or channel function.

Question 21

bacterial endocarditis

Answer 21

inflammation of the papillary muscles

Question 22

intrinsic rate

Answer 22

SA node- 80-100
Av node 40-60
Purkinje fibers 20-40

Question 23

tricuspid valve (right ventricle)

Answer 23

the function of the tricuspid valve, also called the right atrioventricular valve, is to control the flow of blood from your heart’s top chamber (right atrium) to the bottom chamber (right ventricle). This valve also helps prevent blood from flowing backward into either of these chambers.

Question 24

Trabeculae Carneae (right ventricle)

Answer 24

These muscular structures aid in pushing blood out of the heart and into the arteries, ensuring that blood flows efficiently to the rest of the body. Essentially, they play a role in the heart’s pumping action, helping it pump blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrient needs.

Question 25

Papillary muscle (right ventricle)

Answer 25

stabilize the cusps or flaps of the heart valves, specifically the atrioventricular (AV) valves. These valves include the mitral valve (left side heart) and the tricuspid valve (Right side heart). Prevent Valve Regurgitation

Question 26

Chordae Tendineae (right ventricle)

Answer 26

maintain the position and tension of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitrial valves). They maintain the one-way blood flow from the auricle to the ventricles.

Question 27

Right Infudibulum (Right ventricle)

Answer 27

provides structural support for the tricuspid valve.elps guide blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle during diastole. contributes to the overall structural integrity of the heart’s right atrium and right ventricle. It helps maintain the proper anatomical relationships and functions of these cardiac chambers.

Question 28

Pulmonary Valve(Right ventricle)

Answer 28

Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery. Opens to allow blood to be pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery) where it will receive oxygen. Prevents the back flow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

Question 29

pulmonary vein

Answer 29

return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 30

aortic and pulmonary valve

Answer 30

semilunar valves

Question 31

mitral valve

Answer 31

its primary function is to regulate the flow of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 32

aortic valve

Answer 32

opens to let blood flow from your left ventricle to your aorta. It closes to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. The closed valve keeps blood from leaking from your aorta back into your heart.

Question 34

Pericarditis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the pericardium( heart layer)

Question 35

Pericardial effusion

Answer 35

Accumulation of the abnormal amount of fluid in the pericardial sac. The fluid compress the heart and interfere with its normal function

Question 36

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 36

ompression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart.